The Crime Of Uniform Crime - 1427 Words

Uniform Crime Report for 2014 states that there are four offenses in the Violent Crime category, they include Murder, Forcible Rape, Robbery and Aggravated Assault. They only collect their data from Law Enforcement Agencies from their arrest reports. According to The Uniform Crime Report, Property Crime includes these four offenses, Burglary, Larceny/ Theft, Motor Vehicle Theft and Arson. The Uniform Crime Report reported that there were 402,470 violent crime arrests in 2014 compared to 1,275,315 property crime arrests. The National Crime Victimization Survey reported that in 2014 there were 5,359,570 victims of violent crime, and 15,288,470 victims of property crime. The National Crime Victimization Survey only collects their data of nonfatal, not reported to police and crimes reported to police against persons 12 or older. Prevalence of crime is different than victimization because one person could be a victim of an assault on two different occasions and they would be counted as a victim twice yet only be considered once for the thought of prevalence. At a rate of about 20 per a thousand people, individuals had become victims to violent crime in 2014. The prevalence of violent crime in 2014 was around 4 million people victimized at least once, yet there were around 10 million households that had become a victim of a property crime in 2014. Crime is spread out fairly equally throughout the United States, the only slight variation would be in the northeast. People in theShow MoreRelatedThe Uniform Of Uniform Crime Reporting1189 Words   |  5 PagesUniform Crime Reporting data is delivered to the public in two ways: One way is by Web publications of traditional Uniform Crime Reporting offerings such as Crime in the United States, Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, Hate Crime Statistics, other periodic or special compilations (Soares, 2004). Older Uniform Crime Reporting publications (from 1930 to 1995) are available from the FBI’s CJIS Division as scanned Portable Document Format (PDF) files on compact discs (CDs) (Biderman, andRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report And Crime Statistics1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Uniform Crime Report represents police reported crime statistics. It includes a number of reported offences, actual offences, offences cleared by charge, and offences cleared otherwise (Morde n, H. K. and Palys, T., 2015). The police-reported crime statistics best represent the positivist perspective. It is not biased, and complete, accurate, and standardized to facilitate temporal and spatial comparisons (Morden, H. K. and Palys, T., 2015). It also believes that Criminal Code reflects society’sRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report1333 Words   |  6 PagesIt is unfortunate that crime exists in our daily lives. There really is no way to stopping crime completely, no matter how many laws or punishment are present, people will continue to keep breaking rules. There are many theories of why that may be the case, for example, Caesar Lombroso and his â€Å"atavistic† theory with the Positivist School theory and how people were â€Å"born criminals†, or the Rational Choice Theory, devised by Cornish and Clarke, described that people could think rationally and howRead MoreSerious Crimes in the Uniform Crime Report546 Words   |  2 PagesThe Uniform Crime Rep ort (UCR) is consisted of two parts, part one and part two. Part one crimes are the eight most serious offenses, which is murder, rape, assault, robbery, burglary, arson, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. Part two crimes are all other crimes except the ones in part one. They also include drug offenses, sex crimes, and vandalism. The UCR is a large database that stores all the information of the crimes that are reported and arrests made each year in the USA. The method used toRead MorePredicting Crime With The Uniform Crime Reporting System1518 Words   |  7 Pages Predicting Crime with the Uniform Crime Reporting System Published: 28, March 2016 The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program has been the beginning spot for law implementation administrators, understudies of criminal equity, analysts, individuals from the media, and general society everywhere looking for data on wrongdoing in the country. The system was considered in 1929 by the International Association of Chiefs of Police to address the issue for solid uniform wrongdoing insights for the countryRead MoreFBI Uniform Crime Report1064 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Uniform Crime Reporting Gabriel Padua CJA/314 January 20, 2015 Paulina Solis Uniform Crime Report Ever wonder how crimes are measured? What is FBI Uniform Crime Report data? How these Crime Statistics are produce? And how is burglary define? FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Data The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program is one of the two ways crime rates are measured in the United States. The Uniform Crime Reports (n.d.) website, UCR is the starting place for law enforcement executives, criminalRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe Uniform Crime Report, which was developed in the 1930s, is commonly used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as a record of crimes committed all across the United States. These crimes, which fall under two categories, Part I and Part II offenses, are reported by local police to the Federal Bureau of Investigation each year. Part I offenses are considered to be the more serious of crimes recognized by society. Such examples of this are homicide, forcible rape, robbery, arson, motor vehicleRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report And The National Crime Victimization Survey1569 Words   |  7 Pagesarguments over crime statistics. The Uniform Crime Report (UCR), Self-Report Surveys (SRS), and the Natio nal Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) are three methods in which the government collects data, and monitors criminal activity in the United States. The Uniform Crime Reports, Self-Report Surveys, and the National Crime Victimization Survey each have both positive and negative attributes that have influenced different aspects of society. â€Å"The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) provides official crime totals forRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Reporting System1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Uniform Crime Reporting System (UCR) is a voluntary city, university and college, county, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement program that provides a nationwide view of crime based on the submission of statistics by law enforcement agencies throughout the country (â€Å"UCR, 2013). The UCR crime statistics are used in many ways and serve many purposes. It provides resources for different audiences such as businesses, intelligence partners, law enforcement, communities, crime victims, parentsRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Reporting Program874 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 The Uniform Crime Reports, or Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR) are cooperative efforts that attempts to gather all of the criminal data for educational and practical purposes. The UCR takes into account the crimes within the domestic United States of America. The UCR is published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation on a yearly basis. According to the Department of Justice, the FBIs UCR Program is a nationwide, cooperative statistical effort of nearly 18,000 city, university

Experiencing Grief Essay - 1499 Words

In an increasingly globalised world, it is important that social workers are aware of the multitude of loss that immigrants experience and how this impacts on their life and the lives of others. Grief is a complex emotional response that arises from experiences of loss (Kanel 2003). Loss can be multidimensional and accompanies most big changes in our lives (Goldsworthy 2005, p. 176). Moving to another country involves multiple diverse changes, in which people experience a variety of loss (Lee 2010). This essay will demonstrate how critical and ecological perspectives would inform my practice, as a counsellor, when working with people who are experiencing grief associated with immigration. Immigrating is not a single event; rather it†¦show more content†¦Although structural arrangements create oppression, it is personally experienced. Therefore, intervention involves immediately working with individuals while also working towards institutional and structural change (Moreau 1979). Another major tenet is the concept of power and its complex operation (Fook 2013). Critical theory moves away from modernist ideas that view power as a possessed commodity, and recognises that power works in many ways (Allan 2009; Payne 2005). This approach involves analysing how language and discourses maintain power, and looks at the use of power on micro and macro levels (Allan 2009). Critical theory recognises diversity and argues that individuals have multiple and changing identities (Payne 2005). This approach views knowledge as subjective, asserting that our reality is socially constructed (Fook 2013). Reality is not something objectively discovered; rather, people always, to some extent, create reality (Hansen 2006). Language is not neutral; it actively constructs meanings and is entirely dependent on context (Hansen 2006; Allan 2009). Therefore, discourses actively construct how we understand different phenomena or experiences (Allan 2009, p. 33). This awareness allows us to move away from dichotomous thinking, and view reality as multiple and changing (Featherstone Fawcett 1995). This approach acknowledges theShow MoreRelatedDifferent Stages Of The Grieving Process1607 Words   |  7 Pagesdeals with death so they can better help provide the correct care and support. This paper will explain what grief is and the different stages of the grieving process, h ow children, being male or female, and diverse cultures cope with death, and how nurses can better support people depending on these groups. Bereavement is the time when people grief and mourn after a person has died. Grief is an emotion that is often trigged by death (Leming Dickinson, 2016). Leming Dickinson (2016) stated:Read MoreInterventions Of Children With Parents, Children, And Adolescents Mourning A Loss1502 Words   |  7 PagesEncountering Resistance: â€Å"Is it Okay for You to be Okay?† by Therese A. Rando (38) This intervention looks at clients in acute grief who appear to be â€Å"stuck† in their mourning. This intervention would be appropriate for parents who have lost a child. Acute grief is normal grief behaviors and symptoms that occur after a loss. After about six months acute grief transitions into integrated grief, the healing begins and one finds him or herself settling back into life (Zisook, S. and Shear, K. 2009). The interventionRead MoreThe Worst Thing For A Person With Experience During Their Grieving Process1576 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscovered until tragedy strikes that those who are considered close to the bereaved, are not able to offer the comfort they are seeking. Individuals who show avoidance, and even hostility towards a person grieving can be known to lack empathy. Experiencing this type of interaction with someone considered a close friend can cause resentment in the relationship, and the grieving individual is often left with negative emotions towards thei r friend (Cummins, 2014). Cummins explains, â€Å"When we experienceRead MoreA Brief Note On Complicated Grief And Emotional Regulation1119 Words   |  5 PagesAn Overview of Complicated Grief and Emotional Regulation: Rough Draft The loss of a loved one is a painful experience followed by a period of grief and mourning. Bereavement is an experience most individuals will endure at least once in their lives. For most people symptoms such as persistent yearning for the deceased, intense emotional pain, preoccupation with the deceased, and overwhelming sense of sadness only last for a period of 12 months or less before the symptoms begin to subside. For approximatelyRead MoreThe Stages Of Grief Have Been A Topic Of Debate In Grief1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe stages of grief have been a topic of debate in grief counseling since their introduction in 1969 by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, in her book â€Å"On Death and Dying†. These stages of grief can be loosely described as a cycle of emotions that humans can expect to feel, resulting from some type of unexpected loss. Grief and loss is very normal process, and something most people will be forced to cope with at some point in their lives. However, to catego rize each person’s feelings into an arbitrary setRead MoreEssay about Healthy Grief1247 Words   |  5 PagesHealthy Grief Grand Canyon University: HLT-310V Healthy Grief Grief is a process that most everyone will go through at some point in his life. A person who is experiencing grief may have suffered loss of a loved one, loss of a job, or diagnosis of a terminal illness. The five stages of grief as described by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in 1969 have helped in defining the steps one may go through after experiencing a loss. Every person has his own response to grief, so he may not go through every stageRead MoreUnderstanding Grief During The Hands Of Caring Nurses1184 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Grief in the Hands of Caring Nurses Introduction Grief is a process of dealing with the permanence of a loss or separation and how that occurrence affects one’s well-being (Nader Salloum, 2011). This paper will discuss several types of grief, their characteristics, and the nurses’ role in recognizing and delivering appropriate interventions to help alleviate the disruptive nature of grieving. Grief in children, their perception of death and loss, and nursing interventions in dealingRead MoreHealthy Grief Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesHealthy Grief Grand Canyon University HLT-310V ` Job was a faithful follow of God who experienced tragedy as a result of Satan’s test of God. As a result of this test, Job moves through the stages of grief to complete his healing process. Kà ¼bler-Ross study of an individual’s grief led her to define and divide grief into five stages; denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. This paper will examine the similarities joy and grief share. Lastly, how the author handles grief in theirRead MoreThe Process of Acceptance Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagescomposed of several stages necessary to finally reach healthy results. The progression to the feeling of acceptance is a key connection between the film Groundhog Day, Adam Zagajewski’s â€Å"Try to Praise the Mutilated World†, and the Elisabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross Grief Cycle. Though all are diverse, they share the same idea of understanding and admitting to the elements of reality that we cannot change, which in turn, can provide us with inner-pe ace and freedom. There are several steps to acceptance, during theRead MoreLoss : The Many Faces Of Grief1406 Words   |  6 Pages Adaptation to Loss: The Many Faces of Grief Hadley Rhodes Denver School of Nursing  Abstract The life transition of death and dying is inevitably one with which we will all be faced; we will all experience the death of people we hold close throughout our lifetime. This paper will explore the different processes of grief including the bereavement, mourning, and sorrow individuals go through after losing someone to death. Bereavement is a period of adaptation following a life changing loss. This

Geography and history of canada Free Essays

Relationship between the Geography of Canada and Its History Veronica Guerrero FarJat CDNS 101 Royal Roads University Ms. Michelle Hardy November 20, 2013 What is the relationship between Canada’s geography and its history? According to M. Hardy, (personal communication, March 27, 2012) my course material (2013) establishes that Canada is a North American country with 10 provinces and 3 territories; worldwide appointed as the 2nd largest country in the world Canada, is well known by its diverse but fascinating history! Canada fought over by the French and the British, the British won and end colonizing this one. We will write a custom essay sample on Geography and history of canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay analyses the diversity of Canada’s early history of settlement related to its geography. In order to see the connection we comprehend how the aboriginal people first came to Canada by following the wildlife; then the Europeans came to Canada because the vast of natural resources; and finally allowing the French people to settle in Quebec province. This paper argues that historical settlement of Canada was transformed by its geography. Canada used to be named â€Å"Kanata†: Huron- Iroquois word for village or settlement. In order to survive, as human beings we do many things such as feed, socialize, we procreate, we follow†¦ t mostly we stay together and we fight to survive. On this paragraph I will explain in detail how Aboriginal people first settle in Canada by following the wild life: Firstly, the earth warmed up, the ice masses melted and receded; which it means: open migrations routes (corridors). Following this fact, animals were capable to cross l and bridges of the Alaska-Bering. Secondly, Aboriginal people appear in Canada’s history by spreading out into the in abi n table areas ot north-western America, everything for huge reason: FOOD! They had to acquire certain skills such as hunting, fishing, etc. n order to survive. But animals; were their ain reason of settlement so then they stay and spread across the land. To conclude I would like to point that as the climate and land conditions changed the land start to became rich and productive; natives were able to stay and that is one of the most important reasons how those first peoples are crucial for Canada’s history; they represent thousand years of culture and wherever people nowadays agree or not they are Canada’s first peoples. When two worlds meet, amazing things happen. According to my course material (2013) 1500-1791 was the time when Aboriginal people and Europeans were in contact. When Europeans first came to Canada, they ere amazed on this area because of the vast of natural resources; for example, wood/lumber that they could use in Europe so it can help with the development of their country. Firstly, Henry the VII financed an exploration to North America headed for the Italian explorer John Cabot in 1497. But it wasn’t until 1610 when the English settlement begun. As tension set between France and England in Europe, competition leaded in the Americas. Subsequently, Henry IV of France assigned Samuel de Champlain to explore the new lands in the Americas; Champlain is an important figure in Canada’s history because he opened up the St Lawrence River nd stretched French influence through the great lakes basin. As well, Champlain was involved with a group who were interested in the fur trade; the French and Aboriginal people collaborated in the vast fur trade economy. The fur trade was a trade between the French and first nation people for the exchange on items such as tool (beaver) and weapons. The short hairs of the beaver were used for making fashion hats and those were sended to Europe. In conclusion, the Fur trade had formed an important part of the early economies of both the English and French colonies and is very significant for Canada’s early history because it’s Canada’s first conomy developed because of the beaver; which is a natural resource, this one and the wood/lumber are the two greatest examples why Europeans were so interested in this land so they are part of Canada’s early history and we see the connection based on their decision after all happened deciding to settle here and so they end colonizing this country. On the early years of Jacques Cartier’s France had been building up a colony along the ST Lawrence River. Conflict between France and England had been building up since then; European confrontations spilt over into the new world and in 1629 Kirke of England ended the French colony of Port Royal. This set the stage for opposition between the English and The French not only in the America’s but also across the world. As I point in the beginning, Canada’s is the 2nd largest country in the world. So now knowing that Canada is such a big country people is required for its development so after all the British conquered the former French colonies, absorbing them into their North American territories. Nevertheless, the French settled primarily in what is today known as Quebec and Nova Scotia. Britain allowed the French to stay because they needed them to settle this country; s well, Britain supported Canada with immigrants and money. Finally, once Canada had become a country, the goal was to unify, define, and built a state. This does not mean that the French Canadian renounce their mindset as Canadian or that they torgot their traditions and heritage. French was made the 2nd official language ot government in order to maintain French political support. I would like to emphasize that having all those facts and Canada being such a big country is essentially linked to its history bringing immigrants and the Europeans settling in this country. A omparison of Canada’s history and geography; Mexico is diverse and it has 3 thousand years of history. According to world history project (2007) The Republic of Mexico is huge, comprising nearly two million square miles of coastline, desert, rain forest, mountains, and fertile plains. As Canada, Mexico is named as the 4th largest country in the western hemisphere and is rich in natural resources such as oil and natural gas. From the American borderlands of the extensive, agriculturally rich north, the country narrows gently as it sweeps south and east. As well as Canada, is bordered by the United States. In Canada’s history we understand in some point the need of people while in Mexico there is a City (Mexico City) that is considered one of the most populous cities in the world. The population in Mexico is around 120. 8 million peoples. Although Mexico and Canada are very different countries, they have somehow things in common such as history of colonization. Canada was colonized by the British in the other hand, Mexico was colonized by Spain. Both, British and Spain were amazed by Canada’s and Mexico’s landscape, their beauty and its natural resources. Finally, Canada and Mexico are two greatest countries and somehow their istory and wealth on natural resources motivated other countries such as Britain and Spain to gain interest on them and that’s how their history is similar. In conclusion, Canada is a land of diversity, creativity and liberal attitudes. The Canadian people are a mosaic of ethnicities; it means that as well it’s formed by other nationalities which together they form a great home. We understand the connection by first, historical settlement of aboriginal people in Canada by following wildlife. Secondly, Europeans came and settle because of Canada’s vast of natural resources nvolving the fur trade as a firs economy developed and finally, settlement of French people over Quebec province because of Canada’s size and need of people. To conclude I would like to quote something that Lorraine Monk an editor of â€Å"Canada the Things We Hold Dear†: An Album of Photographic Memories (1999) said: â€Å"The search for Canada is a personal Journey. The search for a national identity is a Journey without an end. It began a long, long time ago. It will continue into the far distant future. How to cite Geography and history of canada, Papers

Audit Risk and Materiality Guidelines †Free Samples to Samples

Question: Discuss about the Audit Risk and Materiality Guidelines. Answer: Introduction: The Auditing standard ASA 520 has provided the guidelines in relation to analytical procedure and the way it can be implied to business (Sanderson, 2014). The standard deal with the auditor use of the analytical procedure and the way it is applied at the year end to draw anoverall conclusion over the financial report. The auditor before applying the process need to determine the suitability of the procedure taking into account the risk of the material misstatement and check the detail for this assertion. The auditor also needs to take into account the source, nature, therelevance of the information and control over the preparation at the time of using ratio (Jans, et. al., 2014). The auditor at the time of audit planning needs to determine the area which is to be examined in detail. The auditor needs to comply with the guidelines provided in ASA 200 at the time of identifying the risk in relation to the audit of the DIPL. The inherent risk occurs due to amaterial misstatement in the financial statement which may be due to error or omission and thereason behind the same is other than the internal control system (Clikeman Diaz, 2014). The inherent risk is said to be high when there is thepossibility of misstatement in the financial statement and occur due to complexity in recording the transaction. The auditor at the time of reporting should focus on error free and inherent free risk reporting at the time of reporting to make anaccurate decision. Inherent risk Reasons for inherent risk Impact on material misstatement 1. Inventory The DIPL acquire resources from two different Australia and Asian countries which create complexity at the time recording the transaction and may lead to misstatement due to thedifference in theexchange rate over the period of time. Also, the company for the purpose of stock taking closes its books of accounts on 27th June which may lead to many of the time unrecorded thus leading to theinappropriate recording of the inventory. The material misstatement may lead to thewrong valuation of the inventory as the company may failto track the inventory which in transit which may lead to undervaluation and overvaluation of the inventory thus affecting the reporting of the financial statement (HematfarHemmati, 2013). 2. E-book revenue The other area where there is the possibility of inherent risk is in recognizing the revenue from E-book. There may be thepossibility of inherent risk as the storage fees are recognized in the month when fees are invoiced instead of the fact that the fee is charged 12 months in advance (Yoon, et. al., 2015). The misstatement in the E-book revenue will lead to improper allocation of the fee over the period as the company recognizes the fee during the period when payment is made to the publisher. The auditor needs to work over the audit risk before starting the audit process to report the true and fair position of the financial statement of the entity. Fraud risk Identification of fraud risk Audit impact 1. Cash receipt There is arisk in the receipt of the payment from mails as the cashier record the transaction in the inward remittance register and then reports the transaction to the Gay Chan for posting in account receivable register. The Judy bones also record the receipt from the online banking and then reconcile the account receivable for the amount banked for the day (Zamboni Litschig, 2013). There may be apossibility that the Judy Bones may commit fraud as she has complete control over the bank transaction. The auditor needs to make effort to obtain sufficient evidence and examine the internal control over the cash receipt. As the receipt of the cash is the most probable area where fraud can occur. 2. New IT system The company has also invested in new IT system which will computerize the current accounting process. There may be thepossibility of the error as the employee was unaware of the new system and the excess pressure was implemented over the staff to install the new system. Due to the change in the accounting system, the transaction was not reported to the proper period which may create impact over the reporting over the true and fair position of the financial statement. The auditor needs to examine the new IT system and the transaction which occurred during the period as there may be thepossibility of fraud (Baldauf, et. al., 2015). References Baldauf, J., Steller, M., Steckel, R. (2015). The Influence of Audit Risk and Materiality Guidelines on Auditors Planning Materiality Assessment. Accounting and Finance Research, 4(4), 97. Clikeman, P. M., Diaz, J. (2014). ABC Electronics: An Instructional Case Illustrating Auditors' Use of Preliminary Analytical Procedures. Current Issues in Auditing, 8(1), I1-I10. Hematfar, M., Hemmati, M. (2013). A Comparison of Risk-Based and Traditional Auditing and their Effect on the Quality of Audit Reports. Jans, M., Alles, M. G., Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2014). A field study on the use of process mining of event logs as an analytical procedure in auditing. The Accounting Review, 89(5), 1751-1773. Sanderson, J. (2014). Audit issues. SMSF Guide: Current Issues and Strategies for the Self-Managed Superannuation Funds Adviser, 377. Yoon, K., Hoogduin, L., Zhang, L. (2015). Big data as complementary audit evidence. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), 431-438. Zamboni, Y., Litschig, S. (2013). Audit risk and rent extraction: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in Brazil. UniversitatPompeuFabra.

Audit Risk and Materiality Guidelines †Free Samples to Samples

Question: Discuss about the Audit Risk and Materiality Guidelines. Answer: Introduction: The Auditing standard ASA 520 has provided the guidelines in relation to analytical procedure and the way it can be implied to business (Sanderson, 2014). The standard deal with the auditor use of the analytical procedure and the way it is applied at the year end to draw anoverall conclusion over the financial report. The auditor before applying the process need to determine the suitability of the procedure taking into account the risk of the material misstatement and check the detail for this assertion. The auditor also needs to take into account the source, nature, therelevance of the information and control over the preparation at the time of using ratio (Jans, et. al., 2014). The auditor at the time of audit planning needs to determine the area which is to be examined in detail. The auditor needs to comply with the guidelines provided in ASA 200 at the time of identifying the risk in relation to the audit of the DIPL. The inherent risk occurs due to amaterial misstatement in the financial statement which may be due to error or omission and thereason behind the same is other than the internal control system (Clikeman Diaz, 2014). The inherent risk is said to be high when there is thepossibility of misstatement in the financial statement and occur due to complexity in recording the transaction. The auditor at the time of reporting should focus on error free and inherent free risk reporting at the time of reporting to make anaccurate decision. Inherent risk Reasons for inherent risk Impact on material misstatement 1. Inventory The DIPL acquire resources from two different Australia and Asian countries which create complexity at the time recording the transaction and may lead to misstatement due to thedifference in theexchange rate over the period of time. Also, the company for the purpose of stock taking closes its books of accounts on 27th June which may lead to many of the time unrecorded thus leading to theinappropriate recording of the inventory. The material misstatement may lead to thewrong valuation of the inventory as the company may failto track the inventory which in transit which may lead to undervaluation and overvaluation of the inventory thus affecting the reporting of the financial statement (HematfarHemmati, 2013). 2. E-book revenue The other area where there is the possibility of inherent risk is in recognizing the revenue from E-book. There may be thepossibility of inherent risk as the storage fees are recognized in the month when fees are invoiced instead of the fact that the fee is charged 12 months in advance (Yoon, et. al., 2015). The misstatement in the E-book revenue will lead to improper allocation of the fee over the period as the company recognizes the fee during the period when payment is made to the publisher. The auditor needs to work over the audit risk before starting the audit process to report the true and fair position of the financial statement of the entity. Fraud risk Identification of fraud risk Audit impact 1. Cash receipt There is arisk in the receipt of the payment from mails as the cashier record the transaction in the inward remittance register and then reports the transaction to the Gay Chan for posting in account receivable register. The Judy bones also record the receipt from the online banking and then reconcile the account receivable for the amount banked for the day (Zamboni Litschig, 2013). There may be apossibility that the Judy Bones may commit fraud as she has complete control over the bank transaction. The auditor needs to make effort to obtain sufficient evidence and examine the internal control over the cash receipt. As the receipt of the cash is the most probable area where fraud can occur. 2. New IT system The company has also invested in new IT system which will computerize the current accounting process. There may be thepossibility of the error as the employee was unaware of the new system and the excess pressure was implemented over the staff to install the new system. Due to the change in the accounting system, the transaction was not reported to the proper period which may create impact over the reporting over the true and fair position of the financial statement. The auditor needs to examine the new IT system and the transaction which occurred during the period as there may be thepossibility of fraud (Baldauf, et. al., 2015). References Baldauf, J., Steller, M., Steckel, R. (2015). The Influence of Audit Risk and Materiality Guidelines on Auditors Planning Materiality Assessment. Accounting and Finance Research, 4(4), 97. Clikeman, P. M., Diaz, J. (2014). ABC Electronics: An Instructional Case Illustrating Auditors' Use of Preliminary Analytical Procedures. Current Issues in Auditing, 8(1), I1-I10. Hematfar, M., Hemmati, M. (2013). A Comparison of Risk-Based and Traditional Auditing and their Effect on the Quality of Audit Reports. Jans, M., Alles, M. G., Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2014). A field study on the use of process mining of event logs as an analytical procedure in auditing. The Accounting Review, 89(5), 1751-1773. Sanderson, J. (2014). Audit issues. SMSF Guide: Current Issues and Strategies for the Self-Managed Superannuation Funds Adviser, 377. Yoon, K., Hoogduin, L., Zhang, L. (2015). Big data as complementary audit evidence. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), 431-438. Zamboni, Y., Litschig, S. (2013). Audit risk and rent extraction: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in Brazil. UniversitatPompeuFabra.

Nature and Needs

Introduction Students who bear the tag of ‘gifted children’ possess a prominent ability of high levels of achievement, performance and creativity. Special needs often arise either from the interactions of these students with the environment such as in school, family and the society or due to their internal characteristics as gifted students.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature and Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their characteristics as gifted students are their strengths and can cause problems if taken to the extremes and therefore early identification of these characteristics and development of a plan would help the students utilize their strengths and associated problems as motivational tools for further achievement. However, the strengths of gifted students and their linked problems can act as positives to encourage the students to realize their potentials fully despite presence of limi tations such as family poverty, social degradation, and substance abuse often faced by the gifted students in their day to day lives. Strengths and associated problems A major characteristic of all the gifted students is their inherent ability to acquire, gain and retain information concerning a certain task or topic quickly. The rationale here is that, their intellectual ability is relatively higher than that of others and therefore they tend to be impatient with other students who have a lower ability of gaining information (Barbara, 2002, p.6). The ability to acquire and sustain information is the basis for good performance in not only academic fields, but also in social and economics fields. In a common class of both gifted students and regular students, problems of fast learners and slow learners often arises as the levels of understanding and concept conceptualization differs from one student to another depending on whether a student is gifted or not. The inherent strength cre ates a personality, which resists common routines and procedures of doing things because gifted students have the ability of developing accurate shortcuts of solving complex problems within shortest time possible. This ability encourages creativity and innovations and poses a challenge to the other students to improve. Encouragement of the gifted students to develop new methods of doing things and using these methods as a positive motivational tool would propagate innovation of new skills.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, gifted students own an intrinsic belief and motivation that achievement and success in any task given is possible. For instance, in subjects or academic concepts that ordinary students tackle with difficulties, gifted students believe otherwise. The gifted students usually see the exact opposite of what others see although in the same class, environment and under the same learning conditions (Webb, 1994, p.23). Their focus on the possibilities of success and achievement in complex activities helps them to be outstanding achievers even with the limitations of resources and facilities especially in less developed learning institutions. A problem of resistance to direction frequently arises simply because these students remain focused and determined to succeed in the activity they are involved in regardless of how difficult it may be. Although taken as a problem, strong focus on the course of success remains a positive attribute to achievement and accomplishment of a task with lasting results depends on the creation of an unshaken believe of succeeding despite any possible limitations. Regular students who develop this intrinsic motivational believe of succeeding and achieving are more likely to be achievers the same way as the talented students as achievement lies in the mindset and hardworking. In addition, high self-expectation usually underlying many gifted students facilitates their desire to continue their quest of high performance and achieve higher goals. The personal attitude and expectation of high academic performance and achievement may pose a problem of perfectionism and depression especially when one fails to achieve a set goal (Kerr, 1992, p. 45). Personal expectations to achieve a goal motivate a student to put extra efforts and dedicate extra time in a specific task. For instance, gifted students with problems in certain topics or subjects allocate extra time and efforts to such topics and expect an improvement in performance while on the other hand; regular students may neglect such topics and opt to concentrate on the easy subjects. The characteristic personality of perfectionism often found in gifted students pushes them paragon in all the topics in any course and this leads to increased good performance by the gifted students. The desire to be perfect in all academic aspects can positively help the underperforming students to improve while at the same time help the gifted students to continue performing better and better.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature and Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More High alertness, increased levels of concentration and eagerness to learn new skills are further strengths of the gifted students over the other students. For instance, normal students have a concentration time of maximally two hours after which the level of concentration drops and conceptualization of facts diminishes. With talented students, their concentration period goes far beyond two hours and conception of information remains undisturbed (Webb, 1994, p. 25). All through, the students remain alert, focused and eager to absorb more information. Inactivity and idleness frustrates gifted students as they prefer doing something than idling. Preoccupation of the students with academic work offers adequat e time to the students to perfect on areas they feel lacking or incompetent. To avoid such frustrations, allocation of extra reading materials to the students would allow the gifted students to remain preoccupied for longer times and thus utilize their alertness to help them explore their potentials positively. Gifted students portray a sense of organization. These students organize themselves and their items in an orderly manner and as a result, people view them as complicated and bossy (Kerr, 1992, p.46). Fortunately, this attribute affects their academic performance positively and helps to shape their future careers. A problem linked to the inherent desire of organization arises mainly because these students formulate complicated rules to guide them in their pursuit to remain organized. For instance, gifted students follow strict timetables with time limits in their revision time. This organization helps the students to allocate adequate time for all the subjects and thus reduces chances of overemphasis on one subject at the expense of the others. Strict follow up of the timetable allows balanced study period yielding to balanced performance. Conclusion The strengths of the gifted students underscore their characteristics and acts as the driving force for continued creativity, high academic performance, and future career achievements of these gifted students.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overemphasis of the possible problems linked to the strengths of these students could lead to poor exploration of the students’ full potential while positive application of the strengths would result to full exploration and realization of their inherent abilities and potentials. Integrating gifted students with normal students poses healthy challenges to the normal students who may opt to assimilate the strengths of the gifted students and therefore this justifies the need to use the strengths as positive aspect to propagate high achievements and success. Reference list Barbara, C. (2002). Growing up gifted. New York: Merrill. Kerr, A. (1992). Smart girls, gifted women. New York: Ohio Psychology Press. Webb, J. (1994). some of my best friends are books: Guiding gifted readers. New York: Ohio Psychology Press. This essay on Nature and Needs was written and submitted by user Iker Klein to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sort and Out of Sorts

Sort and Out of Sorts Sort and Out of Sorts Sort and Out of Sorts By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders if the phrase â€Å"out of sorts† might be worth a post. I think it is. The OED has four separate entries for sort as a noun. The first entry, marked â€Å"obsolete,† defines sort as â€Å"the fate or lot of a particular person or persons.† The word was borrowed from French, but it derives from a Latin verb meaning â€Å"to cast lots.† One’s sort was one’s destiny or fate. In Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the pilgrims draw straws to see who will tell the first tale. The knight wins the draw: â€Å"[whether] by aventure [happenstance], or sort [fate], or cas [accident], the truth is this: the cut fell to the knight.† A related word is sortilege: 1. The practice of casting lots in order to decide something or to forecast the future; divination based on this procedure or performed in some other way; sorcery, magic, witchcraft. 2. An act or instance of divining, choosing, or deciding by the drawing or casting of lots. A second meaning of sort is â€Å"a measure of weight for figs and raisins,† not a use likely to be encountered even by a lover of early English texts. Computing has coined a new use for sort as a noun: â€Å"the action of arranging items of data in a prescribed sequence.† For example, â€Å"We decided to remove the umlauts before performing the sort.† The most usual modern use of the noun sort is in the sense of â€Å"a kind, species, or variety.† The meaning of sort as a noun has evolved from â€Å"what is allotted to one by fate† to such concepts as condition, rank, class, order, category, and variety. The expression â€Å"out of sorts† to mean â€Å"not in normal condition† or â€Å"irritable or peevish† appears frequently in the context of sports and celebrity-watching: The rehearsal went on for nearly seven hours, and the soloists were tired, hungry, and out of sorts. Madonna appears out of sorts as she leaves a Kabbala Centre with daughter Lourdes and sons Rocco and David in New York City on Friday. Beyoncà © looked a little out of sorts on Monday night as she watched the basketball game with husband Jay Z. Rory McIlroy seemed a bit out of sorts in the third round of the Barclays. Harrison Ford has a new movie on the way so hes out on the promotional trail- but it would seem he was a bit out of sorts when he was interviewed by Conan OBrien. As tends to happen with idioms, â€Å"out of sorts† is sometimes misused by writers unfamiliar with its meaning, as in this sentence about the running scene in Forrest Gump from an entertainment site called Cinemablend: Actually considering the CGI  that the film used, and what it must have cost in the mid-1990s, it seems a little out of sorts that the studio would be bent out of shape over the running scene. The writer seems to be using â€Å"out of sorts† to mean unusual. The phrase â€Å"out of sorts† means, â€Å"not in the normal condition of good health,† or â€Å"in a low-spirited, irritable, or peevish state.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?50 Idioms About Roads and PathsUsing Writing Bursts to Generate Ideas and Enthusiasm

Study Profolio - 4 topics 2500 words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Study Profolio - 4 topics 2500 words - Essay Example Without the synthesis, the intentions and visions remain just that. Mintzberg’s Mintzberg’s position adopts an alternative perspective – some may say a searing commentary – of the prevailing management misapplication of what has become a buzzword. Possible motivations aside, the views he expresses are actually pragmatic and constructive. It is true that many companies are run according to â€Å"strategic plans† which, in the end, fail to provide truly concrete directions when seen at the operations level. The down to earth writing style and direct approach of Mintzberg produces the sort of literature that holds the attention of management practitioners on the lookout for fresh theoretical approaches to practical management problems. By drawing attention to the shortcomings of common practice, Mintzberg is able to contribute an added dimension to the link between management theory and practice that would provide real results for the company. 235 As is expected of a textbook chapter, the selection is explanatory and descriptive. The author explains the differences in business strategy based on the position of the firm in the industrial chain and the particular applications that generic strategies bear on the hospitality and tourism business. The definitions cited by the chapter are succinct and focused, as well as the concepts of the level of strategy. One of the novel discussion presented in the text is the approach taken in the various gaps left uncovered by the current business strategy. The concept of gap analysis as presented in the text is an important one. Usually, when business managers come together at a strategic planning session, they approach the coming strategy formulation as if they were facing a clean slate. The emphasis is on the new strategy, new methods, new directions; whereas, little attention is paid to the problems of the past, as to how or where the

Jihadi John and London's Culture of Gang Violence Assignment

Jihadi John and London's Culture of Gang Violence - Assignment Example Mohammed Emwazi alias Jihadi John is an example of a self-proclaimed British young Muslim who has joined the ISIS where he is now an IS executioner. Mohammed Emwazi grew up in a highly populated and poverty-stricken city with high levels of shootings, drug wars, and gang violence. Mohammed Emwazi grew up in a middle-class background and poverty does not appear to have motivated him to join radical groups. Mohammed Emwazi joined â€Å"London Boys† that was a criminal gang in north-west London that engaged in violent robberies to support the extremists, Al-Shabaab. Recently, extremists have been associating with organized criminal gangs like the London Boys. Emwazi grew up in North London and turned to drugs, gangs, and violence to escape from alienation that young Muslims experienced in London. Indeed, Muslim prison population has been increasing where 27 % of all prisoners in London are Muslims. Emwazi listened to radical preachers and attended their rallies that helped him to understand his Islamic identity. Radical Islam lures young Muslims since it creates a sense of brotherhood. Joining the criminal gangs and later the radical Islamist group, ISIS helped Emwazi and like-minded people to overcome tribal differences and escape uncertainty. Apparently, the article, Jihadi John and London's culture of gang violence establish what is pushing and drawing young Muslims in London into joining ISIS. The fractured environments that young Muslims live in push young Muslims in London into joining ISIS. The gang experiences that young Muslims gain in living in areas with high levels of shootings, drug wars, and gang violence derives the courage to join and support the activities of ISIS. These criminal gangs support the activities of radical Islamist groups.  

Discussion Forum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion Forum - Essay Example Confucius lived 2,500 years ago in Lu, a small state in Eastern China. During this time, China was riddled with political strife and confusion during the reign of Zhou dynasty by which it prompted him to develop his doctrine/philosophy of Confucianism on how to create a society that is founded on harmony and balance of which his political environment is devoid. After the died at the of 73, his teachings spread throughout China and its influence still storngly revererates until today. Confucianism as a philosophy and social ethic encourages a lifetime pursuit of moral excellence or to become better founded on the belief that everyone possesses the inherent capability to develop into an autonomous and self-governing person by developing the Ren. Ren is being perfected or inculcated through practice which is facilitated by Li or the process of cultivating one’s goodness. Confucius also cited the Golden Rule or the law that states to treat everybody the way we want to be treated as one of the mechanism that promotes virtue in the indivdual and society as well. The practice of the Golden Rule benefits everyone and such provides the necessary environment to cultivate the

Biosensors or enzyme electrodes

Biosensors or enzyme electrodes INTRODUCTION OF BIOSENSORS:- Biosensors or enzyme electrodes invariably refer to such devices that sence and analyze biological informations. A biosensor is a device that detects, records, and transmits information regarding a physiological change or the presence of various chemical or biological materials in the environment. More technically, a biosensor is a probe that integrates a biological component, such as a whole bacterium or a biological product (e.g., an enzyme or antibody) with an electronic component to yield a measurable signal. Biosensors, which come in a large variety of sizes and shapes, are used to monitor changes in environmental conditions. They can detect and measure concentrations of specific bacteria or hazardous chemicals; they can measure acidity levels (pH). In short, biosensors can use bacteria and detect them, too. PRINCIPALS OF BIOSENSORS:- A biosensor essentially comprise of the following two major parts 1- Biological component- For sensing the presence as well as concentration of analyte. In the presence of a certain molecule the biological system changes the environment. The measuring device sensitive to this change sends a signal. This signal can be converted into the measurement parameter. Often the biological system is an actual cell. The key thing to remember is that it is an actual organism that detects the concentration change of the molecule in the media. This organism could be the same one as the one in the media or it could be different. In either case it must be kept separate from the media. This can be done with a membrane that is permeable to the molecule that is being measured but impermeable to the cells and most other macromolecules in the reactor media. 2- Physical component:- Transducer:- A device that converts energy from one form into another e.g., telephone companies use transducers to convert sound energy into electrical energy to be carried long- distance through telephone lines and then another transducer at the receiving end to convert the electrical energy back into sound A biosensor is a sensing device that consists of a biological component coupled to a transducer that converts biochemical activity into, most commonly, electrical energy. Types of Biosensors:- There are different types of biosensors, which have different applications. These are listed below. Calorimetric biosensor Potentiometric biosensor Amperometric biosensors Optical biosensor Acoustic wave biosensors Calorimetric biosensor:- When the physical change is heat, released or absorbed by the reaction it is calorimetric biosensor. It measures the change in temperature in the solution containing analyte Separate thermistors measure the temperature of the solution before entry into the small packed bed column containing immobilized enzyme and also at the time of leaving the column. Calorimetric biosensors are most widely applicable and can be used to measure turbid and strongly coloured solutions. Maintenance of constant sample temperature is the disadvantage of this type. At the transducer surface, an electrical potential is produced due to changed distribution of electrons and this type of biosensors are called potentiometric biosensors. They use ion sensitive electrodes, commonly pH meter glass electrodes for cations, glass pH electrodes coated with a gas-selective membrane for CO2, NH3 or H2S or solid-state electrodes. These electrodes convert the biological reaction into electric signal. Potentiometric Biosensors At the transducer surface, an electrical potential is produced due to changed distribution of electrons and this type of biosensors are called potentiometric biosensors. They use ion sensitive electrodes, commonly pH meter glass electrodes for cations, glass pH electrodes coated with a gas-selective membrane for CO2, NH3 or H2S or solid-state electrodes. These electrodes convert the biological reaction into electric signal. Amperometric biosensors Amperometric biosensors sense the movement of electrons due to redox reactions. The simplest amperometric biosensors are Clark oxygen electrode that function by the production of a current when a potential is applied between two electrodes. The magnitude of current produced is proportional to the substrate concentration. Light, produced or absorbed during a reaction, is measure, by the optical biosensors in terms of change in fluorescence or absorbance caused by the products generated by catalytic reactions. This type of change occurs in catalytic biosensors. In affinity biosensors, change in the intrinsic optical properties of the biosensor surface due to loading of dielectric molecules like protein on it, is measured. A most promising optical biosensor utilizes luminescence due to firefly luciferase for detection of bacteria in food or clinical samples. The bacteria are specifically lysed to release ATP. This ATP is used by luciferase in the presence of O2 to produce light, which is measured by the biosensor. Optical Biosensor A most promising optical biosensor utilizes luminescence due to firefly luciferase for detection of bacteria in food or clinical samples. The bacteria are specifically lysed to release ATP. This ATP is used by luciferase in the presence of O2 to produce light, which is measured by the biosensor. Acoustic wave biosensors Acoustic wave biosensors sense the change in mass of the biological components as a result of the reaction. They are also called piezoelectric devices. The surface of the transducer is usually coated with antibodies which bind to the complementary antigen present in the sample solution. The resulting increase in mass reduces their frequency of vibration. This change in frequency is measured in terms of antigen present in the sample solution. Applications of Biosensor:- 1. Health Care Measurement of Metabolites The initial impetus for advancing sensor technology came from health care area, where it is now generally recognized that measurements of blood gases, ions and metabolites are often essential and allow a better estimation of the metabolic state of a patient. In intensive care units for example, patients frequently show rapid variations in biochemical levels that require an urgent remedial action. Also, in less severe patient handling, more successful treatment can be achieved by obtaining instant assays. At present, the list of the most commonly required instant analyses is not extensive. In practice, these assays are performed by analytical laboratories, where discrete samples are analyzed, frequently using the more traditional analytical techniques. Market Potential. There is an increasing demand for inexpensive and reliable sensors to allow not only routine monitoring in the central or satellite laboratory, but also analysis with greater patient contact, such as in the hospital ward, emergency rooms, and operating rooms. Ultimately, patients themselves should be able to use biosensors in the monitoring and control of some treatable condition, such as diabetes. It is probably true to say that the major biosensor market may be found where an immediate assay is required. If the cost of laboratory maintenance are counted with the direct analytical costs, then low-cost biosensor devices can be desirable in the whole spectrum of analytical applications from hospital to home. Diabetes. The classic and most widely explored example of closed-loop drugcontrol is probably to be found in the development of an artificial pancreas. Diabetic patients have a relative or absolute lack of insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the beta-cells of the pancreas, which is essential to the metabolism of a number of carbon sources. This deficiency causes various metabolic abnormalities, including higher than normal blood glucose levels. For such patients, insulin must be supplied externally. This has usually been achieved by subcutaneous injection, but fine control is difficult and hyperglycaemia cannot be totally avoided, or even hypoglycaemia is sometimes induced, causing impaired consciousness and the serious long-term complications to tissue associated with this intermittent low glucose condition. Insulin Therapy. Better methods for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes havebeen sought and infusion systems for continuous insulin delivery have been developed. However, regardless of the method of insulin therapy, its induction must be made in response to information on the current blood glucose levels in the patient. Three schemes are possible (Fig. 1.6), the first two dependent on discrete manual glucose measurement and the third a closed-loop system, where insulin delivery is controlled by the output of a glucose sensor which is integrated with the insulin infuser. In the former case, glucose has been estimated on finger-prick blood samples with a colorimetric test strip or more recently with an amperometric pen-size biosensor device by the patient themselves. Obviously these diagnostic kits must be easily portable, very simple to use and require the minimum of expert interpretation. However, even with the ability to monitor current glucose levels, intensive conventional insulin therapy requires multiple daily injections and is unable to anticipate future states between each application, where diet and exercise may require modification of the insulin dose. For example, it was shown that administration of glucose by subcutaneous injection, 60 min before a meal provides the best glucose/insulin management. Artificial Pancreas. The introduction of a closed-loop system, where integrated glucose measurements provide feedback control on a pre-programmed insulin administration based on habitual requirement, would therefore relieve the patient of frequent assay requirements and perhaps more desirably frequent injections. Ultimately, the closed-loop system becomes an artificial pancreas, where the glycaemic control is achieved through an implantable glucose sensor. Obviously, the requirements for this sensor are very different to those for the discrete measurement kits. As summarized in Table 1.4, the prolonged life-time and biocompatibility represent the major requirements. 2. Industrial Process Control Bioreactor Control. Real-time monitoring of carbon sources, dissolved gases,. in fermentation processes (Fig. 1.7a) could lead to optimization of the procedure giving increased yields at decreased materials cost. While real-time monitoring with feedback control involving automated systems does exist, currently only a few common variables are measured on-line (e.g. pH, temperature, CO2, O2)) which are often only indirectly related with the process under control. Seven requirements for an implantable glucose sensor. Linear in 0 20 mM range with 1 mM resolution Specific for glucose; not affected by changes in metabolite concentrations and ambient conditions Biocompatible Smallcauses minimal tissue damage during insertion and there is better patient acceptability for a small device External calibration and Response time Prolonged lifetime-at least several days, preferably weeks in use Three different methods of controlling a bioreactor are: Off-line distant: central laboratory coarse control with significant time lapse Off-line local: fine control with short time lapse On-line: real-time monitoring and control On-Line Control. Method 3 is most desirable, which allows the process to follow an ideal pre-programmed fermentation profile to give maximum output. However, many problems exist with on-line measurements including in situ sterilization, sensor life-time, sensor fouling, etc. Some of the problems can be overcome if the sensor is situated so that the sample is run to waste, but this causes a volume loss, which can be particularly critical with small volume fermentations. Off-Line Control. Although Method 3 may be the ultimate aim, considerable advantage can be gained in moving from Method 1 to Method 2 giving a rapid analysis and thus enabling finer control of the fermentation. The demands of the sensor are perhaps not as stringent in Method 2 as in Method 3. Benefits of Control. The benefits which are achievable with process-control technology are considerable: Improved product quality; reduction in rejection rate following manufacture Increased product yield; process tuned in real time to maintain optimum conditions throughout and not just for limited periods Increased tolerance in quality variation of some raw materials. These variations can be compensated in the process-control management Reduced reliance on human seventh sense to control process Improved plant performance-processing rate and line speed automated, so no unnecessary dead-time allocated to plant Optimized energy efficiency The use of biosensors in industrial process in general could facilitate plant automation, cut analysis costs and improve quality control of the product. 3. Military Applications Dip Stick Test. The requirement for rapid analysis can also be anticipated in military applications. The US army, for example, have looked at dipstick tests Summary of potential applications for biosensors Clinical diagnosis and biomedicine Farm, garden and veterinary analysis Process control: fermentation control and analysis food and drink production and analysis Microbiology: bacterial and viral analysis Pharmaceutical and drug analysis Industrial effluent control Pollution control and monitoring o Mining, industrial and toxic gases Military applications based on monoclonal antibodies. While these dipsticks are stable and highly specific (to Q-fever, nerve agents, yellow rain fungus, soman, etc.) they are frequently two-step analyses taking up to 20 min to run. Such a time lapse is not always suited to battlefield diagnostics; the resulting consequences are suggested in Fig. 1.7(c). A particularly promising approach to this unknown hazard detection seems to be via acetylcholine receptor systems. It has been calculated that with this biorecognition system, a matrix of 13-20 proteins are required to give 95% certainty of all toxin detection. 4. Environmental Monitoring Air and Water Monitoring. Another assay situation which may involve a considerable degree of the unknown is that of environmental monitoring. The primary measurement media here will be water or air, but the variety of target analytes is vast. At sites of potential pollution, such as in factory effluent, it would be desirable to install on-line real-time monitoring and alarm, targeted at specific analytes, but in many cases random or discrete monitoring of both target species or general hazardous compounds would be sufficient. The possible analytes include biological oxygen demand (BOD) which provides a good indication of pollution, atmospheric acidity, and river water pH, detergent, herbicides, and fertilizers (organophosphates, nitrates, etc.). The survey of market potential has identified the increasing significance of this area and this is now substantiated by a strong interest from industry. The potential applications of biosensors are summarized in Table 1.4. Tuning to Application. The potential for biosensor technology is enormous and is likely to revolutionize analysis and control of biological systems. It is possible therefore to identify very different analytical requirements and biosensor developments must be viewed under this constraint. It is often tempting to expect a single sensor targeted at a particular analyte, to be equally applicable to on-line closed-loop operation in a fermenter and pin-prick blood samples. In practice, however, the parallel development of several types of sensor, frequently employing very different measurement parameters is a more realistic. Advantages of biosensors over other measurement schemes They can measure nonpolar molecules that do not repond to most measurement devices. They are as specific as the immobilized system used in them. They allow rapid continuous control. Disadvantages of biosensors Heat sterilization is not possible as this would denature the biological part of the biosensor. The membrane that separates the reactor media from the immobilized cells of the sensor can become fouled by deposits. The cells in the biosensor can become intoxicated by other molecules that are capable of diffusing through the membrane Changes in the reactor broth (i.e., pH) can put chemical and mechanical stress on the biosensor that might eventually impair it. Future of Biosensors:- Biosensors have the potential to affect many areas. Field application areas including medicine, physical therapy, music, and the video game industry, can all benefit from the introduction of biosensors. Although biosensors are not limited to any group of people, they are particulary useful for the handicapped. Even completely paralyzed individuals have electrical activity in their bodies that can be detected. One biosensor application developed for the handicapped is an electronic instrument that produces music from bioelectric signals. Signal inputs such as eye movements, muscle tensions, and muscle relaxations are converted to MIDI (Musical Instrument Data Interface) and output to a synthesizer. Before being mapped to MIDI, the signals are analyzed for specific intensity and spectral characteristics for the particular individual. For dysfunctional or weak muscles the signals can be amplified according the the level of tension and relaxation. These signal inputs are then interpreted to control volume, pitch, tempo, and other aspects of musical composition. Medical applications are presently seen in the diagnosis and correction of eye disorders . Strabismus is a condition in which an individuals eyes are not aligned properly, and thus do not move in conjunction with one another. This can be corrected by surgery but the current use of prisms to determine the degree of correction necessary is not very accurate. Biosensors tracking the eye movements can determine with high accuracy the number of degrees in both the X and Y planes that the eyes need to be adjusted. Just as biosensors can be used to determine amounts of eye correction, they can also be used to train the eye as they can be an input device to video game exercises to realign eye tracking. This same method of muscle training through a video game could be used for rehabilitation of potentially any muscle group, as biosensors can be individually customized to detect levels of muscle activity for most muscle groups. In the same way that patients undergoing rehabilitation could use biosensors as an input device for their video exercises, the video game industry could use biosensors as yet another powerful input device for entertainment. Also contributing to physical therapy, biosensors can help to create custom exercise programs for injured patients and athletes, can be used by athletes to check muscle condition, and can be connected to a multitude of external monitoring devices. Some Future Goals :- There are future applications that make biosensors ideal input devices. Eye tracking devices that can focus and select objects in 3D virtual environments would couple sight and limb 3D selection creating powerful immersive environments. The laser abilities from the eyes of Superman could be realized by users in a virtual environment. Possible use of prosthetic limbs where just the bioelectric activity to the nerve endings of a missing limb could be used to control an artificial limb. In cases of paralysis, the nerves, prior to loss of transport ability, or brainwaves might be electrically monitored for instructions to control/move a mechanical device attached to the paralyzed limb. When brainwaves can be reliably monitored, we can study relationships between EEG (brain activity) and specific cognitive activities such as sleep behaviors and sleep states. Simple brain wave detection has been successful in early research stages, but breaking through the use of subvocal commands would be perhaps the most powerful input controller we have yet seen. Just picture monitoring brain activity so that when you think draw a circle, a circle appears on your monitor or in your virtual environment.

Airline Safety Essay -- Essays Papers

Airline Safety Systems, Parts and Maintenance In July of 1996, a Boeing 747 carrying the designator Flight 800 took off from Kennedy Airport in New York. On board were two hundred and thirty people who were entrusting their individual safety to an aircraft that had one of the best safety records in the airline industry. The Boeing 747 has been in service for many years, and has been utilized for many different things including the one designated Air Force One. Nine miles off the coast of Long Island the aircraft exploded, killing everybody on board (Adcock 08). The wreckage was strewn over a wide area of the Atlantic Ocean and proved to be very difficult to recover. It took several months to sift through the sand on the ocean floor and recover the parts from the aircraft. Speculation that the aircraft had somehow been the victim of a terrorist act was the topic of the day. There were theories that the aircraft had exploded as a result of a bomb placed aboard (Adcock 08). There were theories that it had been the victim of a gro und to air missile or an air-to-air missile. There were investigations to find out if the Navy had inadvertently shot the aircraft down. Accusations were flung in the most unlikely places. Security at the international airports was increased and bomb squads regularly checked each departing aircraft for any explosives. People were afraid to fly because they were afraid of terrorist attacks. The Federal Aviation Administration investigated all of these possibilities and one more. They investigated the possibility that a part on the aircraft had failed and caused the explosion. This wasn't a popular theory because of the Boeing 747's excellent safety record and the fact that aircraft in general weren't in the habit of exploding in mid-air. When all of the information was in and the final report issued, it was determined that the cause of the crash was probably a wire in the fuel indicator system that had grown old and frayed. There wasn't enough direct physical evidence to prove it beyond a shadow of a doubt, however subsequent investigations of aircraft that were as old as the 747 on Flight 800 - twenty five years - showed wiring cracks and fraying in a manner consistent with the theories advanced about the crash of Flight 800 (Adcock 08). The Federal Aviation Agency has since initiated an aging aircraft program with t... ...e need for adequate funding and personnel by the FAA. The FAA is obviously doing everything that it can under the circumstances, however the trend toward cost cutting and compromise of maintenance programs is continuing. It is showing no signs of lessening due to the fact that the airlines are continually being squeezed between needing to lower fares and pay higher maintenance costs. WORKS CITED Dickey, Christopher. "What Went Wrong." Newsweek International. August 2000 Fed: Undercarriage collapses on Qantas jet. AAP General News (Australia). April 22, 2000 "FENA for proper maintenance of DC-10s to keep these running, The Independent". September 2000 Hinson, David. "ValuJet Airlines crash." Jet lag.(Federal Aviation Commission ( The New Republic ). 12-16-1996 â€Å"Incorrectly Reports Inspection Cycle for Part Implicated in the Alaska Flight 261 Tragedy†. Business Wire. May 2000 "Oversight of Maintenance & Repair Facility Practices Under Examination". Air Safety Week. July 1999 PG Sullivan, John. "FAA delayed telling airlines about failed cables Agency defends move, saying part not crucial for flight control†. The Dallas Morning News. June 2000 Airline Safety Essay -- Essays Papers Airline Safety Systems, Parts and Maintenance In July of 1996, a Boeing 747 carrying the designator Flight 800 took off from Kennedy Airport in New York. On board were two hundred and thirty people who were entrusting their individual safety to an aircraft that had one of the best safety records in the airline industry. The Boeing 747 has been in service for many years, and has been utilized for many different things including the one designated Air Force One. Nine miles off the coast of Long Island the aircraft exploded, killing everybody on board (Adcock 08). The wreckage was strewn over a wide area of the Atlantic Ocean and proved to be very difficult to recover. It took several months to sift through the sand on the ocean floor and recover the parts from the aircraft. Speculation that the aircraft had somehow been the victim of a terrorist act was the topic of the day. There were theories that the aircraft had exploded as a result of a bomb placed aboard (Adcock 08). There were theories that it had been the victim of a gro und to air missile or an air-to-air missile. There were investigations to find out if the Navy had inadvertently shot the aircraft down. Accusations were flung in the most unlikely places. Security at the international airports was increased and bomb squads regularly checked each departing aircraft for any explosives. People were afraid to fly because they were afraid of terrorist attacks. The Federal Aviation Administration investigated all of these possibilities and one more. They investigated the possibility that a part on the aircraft had failed and caused the explosion. This wasn't a popular theory because of the Boeing 747's excellent safety record and the fact that aircraft in general weren't in the habit of exploding in mid-air. When all of the information was in and the final report issued, it was determined that the cause of the crash was probably a wire in the fuel indicator system that had grown old and frayed. There wasn't enough direct physical evidence to prove it beyond a shadow of a doubt, however subsequent investigations of aircraft that were as old as the 747 on Flight 800 - twenty five years - showed wiring cracks and fraying in a manner consistent with the theories advanced about the crash of Flight 800 (Adcock 08). The Federal Aviation Agency has since initiated an aging aircraft program with t... ...e need for adequate funding and personnel by the FAA. The FAA is obviously doing everything that it can under the circumstances, however the trend toward cost cutting and compromise of maintenance programs is continuing. It is showing no signs of lessening due to the fact that the airlines are continually being squeezed between needing to lower fares and pay higher maintenance costs. WORKS CITED Dickey, Christopher. "What Went Wrong." Newsweek International. August 2000 Fed: Undercarriage collapses on Qantas jet. AAP General News (Australia). April 22, 2000 "FENA for proper maintenance of DC-10s to keep these running, The Independent". September 2000 Hinson, David. "ValuJet Airlines crash." Jet lag.(Federal Aviation Commission ( The New Republic ). 12-16-1996 â€Å"Incorrectly Reports Inspection Cycle for Part Implicated in the Alaska Flight 261 Tragedy†. Business Wire. May 2000 "Oversight of Maintenance & Repair Facility Practices Under Examination". Air Safety Week. July 1999 PG Sullivan, John. "FAA delayed telling airlines about failed cables Agency defends move, saying part not crucial for flight control†. The Dallas Morning News. June 2000

How to Put Together a Desktop Computer Tower

As a teenager I was always fond of computer. I built my first desktop computer in 2009 when I was able to afford purchasing all the components myself. In March of 2012 my desktop had a power surge and short-circuited the motherboard, rendering the rest of the components useless. I tore apart the desktop tower and inspected all my components to see what would be reusable. The power supply, video card, CD optical drive, and hard drive could all be salvaged. I placed all the salvaged components in an anti-static bag and stored them in a dry and relatively cool area in my closet.Once I knew what components and new hardware I would need I began researching all the new products in the market. I realized my once top of the line components were outdated but, being poor I had to make due with my salvaged parts. The list of components needed was concise, but rather expensive. I needed a new motherboard, central processing unit, processor cooler, and a new desktop computer tower case. I had to wait and save another paycheck to buy all the necessary components. As soon as all my components arrived I cleared approximately a five by five foot flat surface in my living room and laid all my components down in their boxes.I first unboxed my tower case and read the manual of its capabilities and how its fans are set up. I then opened all the rest of the boxes and laid out each component. Inspection of each component is a must at this point. If you’re able to find damage before you put your computer together it’ll save you the time of disassembling your computer once you’ve found out something has malfunctioned. If you’re lucky like I was you will not have any damaged parts and you can continue to assemble your computer rig. The first step to assembling the computer is to install your central processing unit.In my case, I had to install both the central processing unit and the processor cooler on the motherboard before mounting it in the tower case. On ce that was installed I proceeded to installation of the video card. On the motherboard there is a specific PCI-express x16 slot made for fast reading components such as the video card. Some video cards require two slots for the supplied cooling fan, as the more graphically demanding the software you run on your computer will be, the hotter your video card will run. After the video card was installed I then installed the random access memory sticks into their respective slots on the motherboard.The last major component of the build is the power supply. This connects directly to each of the separate components to supply electricity. Learning to build computers by myself was very easy. The key to success with computers is to stay calm and remain calm. I self-taught myself how to build a computer was as easy as reading the manual. All the supplied manuals I received with my components were very clear and accurate. They explain how to route wires, where to plug-in each component, and to make sure each part in seated properly.

Walmarts Target Customers

Walmarts Target Customers Free Online Research Papers Wal-marts Target Customers Wal-mart was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton with its first store opening in a small town in Rogers, Arkansas, a rural area. It has grown to become the biggest retailer in the U.S. and the world. This retailer has committed itself to driving down cost out the supply chain to deliver everyday low prices as promised in it marketing slogan to all customers. With that being said rs, Wal-mart has achieved $226billion in annual revenues and even growing to more than 3,400 discount and supercenters in the U.S. The everyday lost cost model is driven by the company’s scale has afforded it great efficiencies that allows this everyday low pricing, but it is the same immense scale and success that presents a key challenge. A retail chain in which 84% of shoppers in the U.S. have shopped in the past year and in which over 100million customers have shopped its stores in any given week continue to grow its share of customer spending. While a geographic penetration strategy via email new store openings has been and will continue to be a necessary part of the answers to many questions. Wal-marts target markets are simply just everyday people who want to save money. They come from all walks of life knowing they will receive great prices and exceptional customer service. The people who work hard for their money, living from paycheck to paycheck are the ones who are benefiting the most from Wal-marts pricing. They can also appreciate the quality of products purchased at the retail giant, plus all the saving that leaves enough money to even pay towards a bill and maybe a vacation. So you can see who the retailers primary target market is, the hard working middle and lower class. That market is very grateful that they can shop at the stores and get what they need and even have money left over to purchase a few of their wants. So many satisfied customers have left the retailers with smiles on their faces after a long days work to have their stresses and worries lifted when they can afford the items they need with little money to spare until the next paycheck Since the beginning of the recession, Wal-mart decided to remodel their stores a little to retain the new customers they attracted. The recession brought many middle class customers to the stores for the first time. So now that the economy is improving somewhat, the discount retailer wants to keep them coming back by giving their stores a new look. By 2013 the retailer hopes to have all its stores remodeled. The effort began in 2008, with a project called â€Å"Project Impact†. It was all about making shopping easier for the customers. The changes included vibrant paint schemes inside, better lighting, wider aisles, easy to read signs, and fewer in-aisle displays. Also in addition to that, some departments are being moved to make it even more convenient for shoppers. For instance, they moved the pet supplies to the grocery section of the remodeled stores and displays also have moved to place more products in the sight of customers. Wal-mart also has went as far to change its signs to reflect its new retail-name removing the hyphen and adding a star. With such changes, the customers are loving the retailer even more as well as drawing in new customers from all walks of life. Now knowing that Wal-marts target customers were the lower income families before, this project has drawn even more customer to their retail chains around the world. At first, the customers were enticed with constant advertisements heralding price â€Å"roll-backs†. So, to add some spice and attention getters to Wal-marts already enticing deal, we have the remodeling in process, a new customer base, and even fresh produce from local farmers to grow the retailers a new market of shoppers all due to the recession the United States has suffered in the past decade which brought even more of the lower middle class Americans to shop with the retail giant. Therefore, Wal-mart has made it convenient to as well for all of the lower pay scale people to shop at their stores for such items as groceries, cloths, household cleaners and items, as well as car repairs all to even save their customers gas even by shopping in their stores for whatever they may need without running all over town wasting precious time and gas. So you can see how Wal-mart has addressed the needs of its shoppers in more ways than one. Wal-marts target market can also be seen as its family friendly customers as well as Wal-mart being a family friendly store which is meeting the needs of all its customers. The middle and lower class people can really appreciate all of Wal-marts efforts to make them feel like part of the family especially with their great customer service department who aim to insure that the customers get their money worth if a product is defective. At first,Wal-marts target was to simply get everyone into the doors but they really prouded themselves w ith making it affordable for the hard working low income families. Their compassion for the hard working class people have made them the largest retail chain around the world. They are understanding that their customers don’t want to spend enormous amounts of money. Wal-marts is driving more and more of everyday people into its stores everyday and saving them money with all of its efforts to keep cost down and prices low and therefore has earned the title of a family friendly retailer who keeps their customers coming back for more and more of their low pricing. That is the conclusion that is guaranteed to make the already retail giant even bigger and better than ever. . REFERENCES Ogilvy_08_Case_Study_Wal-mart 2010 Snippets.com 2008-2010 conjecture corporation Research Papers on Walmart's Target CustomersNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalTwilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office System

The eNotes Blog Newest Poet Laureate to Give InauguralReading

Newest Poet Laureate to Give InauguralReading Natasha Trethewey, the United States 19th Poet Laureate, will give her first reading at the Library of Congress in Washington D.C. this Thursday. Trethewey became the national Poet Laureate in June of this year. The reading later this week will kickstart her duties in the role. The poet-historian, as the Library of Congress describes her,  was born and raised in the South, hailing from Gulfport, Mississipi, the state in which she currently holds another Poet Laureate title. Trethewey is also Professor of English and Creative Writing at Emory University in Atlanta. Besides teaching, the poet and author has published four collections since 2000 and one work of non-fiction,  Beyond Katrina: A Meditation on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Her 2006 collection, Native Guard, won her the esteemed Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Of her poetry, James Billington of the Library of Congress has said Trethewey inter-mixes her story with the historical story in a way that takes you deep into the human tragedy of it. It is her ability to weave the present and the past, to engage the public and the personal, and to give language to the unsaid that makes Trethewey’s poems of such lasting import. The history Billington references is Tretheweys own family history, which her poetry relates to the racial legacy of America as a whole. At the time of her birth, Tretheweys parents marriage wasnt legally recognized; on Natashas birth certificate her mothers ethnicity was recorded as colored, her fathers Canadian. The Supreme Court reversed anti-miscegenation laws a year later, but the impact of racial prejudice surely struck the future poet from a young age. Later, the family tragedy that was her mothers murder further spurred Trethewey to become a poet, if anything to simply make sense of what had happened. Her mothers life became the inspiration behind Native Guard, which is dedicated to her memory. Perhaps one of the best examples of the weaving between present and past, public and personal stories, is found in the poem Letter Home: I sit watching though I pretend not to noticethe dark maids ambling by with their white charges. Do I deceive anyone? Were they to see my hands, brown as your dear face, theyd know Im not quite what I pretend to be. I walk these streets a white woman, or so I think, until I catch the eyes of some stranger upon me, and I must lower mine, a negress again. There are enough things here to remind me who I am. For a preview of her upcoming reading, view the  clip below recorded at Tretheweys April 12th recitation at the Poetry Foundation in Chicago, courtesy of Poets Writers magazine and the Dark Room Collective.

Urban Planning Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urban Planning Policies - Essay Example Before we delve on the importance of urban planning policies, let us first determine the meaning of urban planning in order for us to be aware of the subject that is being tackled. Also, determining the words or phrases that are synonymous to the word policy is also important to know the essence of the focal point of this paper which is the urban planning policies. The website wisegeek.com (2007) defined urban planning as "Urban planning is a mixture of science and art. It encompasses many different disciplines and brings them all under a single umbrella. The simplest definition of urban planning is that it is the organization of all elements of a town or other urban environment. However, when one thinks about all the elements that make up a town, urban planning suddenly seems complicated - and with a broad topic to discuss with" Furthermore, the website illustrates that "Real urban planning is a relatively new concept. It gained popularity beginning in the mid-to-late 19th century, when it became obvious that there should be some kind of plan or larger goals for the growth of big cities like New York and Philadelphia. Before this time, cities very often grew as they had need, and the surrounding land was just swallowed up. London, Paris, and Tokyo - none of these world cities had much urban planning, and even now, the addresses and streets in their older sections can be confusing even to natives" If we are to deal with the above-mentioned example, the said planning revolves around goals and prime concerns of key and big cities which aim to achieve development in their areas. Looking in to this kind of situation, the main concern here is growth particularly on markets and industries where these key cities generate its income. If there is indeed a well-defined plan, then it is also understood that marketing irregularities would be limited due to the fact that sociologists deem that irregularities are results of a vague regulation. True enough, if there are no specific urban planning, and then it is next to impossible to achieve order. Upon determining what urban policy is, the next thing that we must do is to define what policy is. The website fao.org (2007) defined policy as "A "policy" is very much like a decision or a set of decisions, and we "make", "implement" or "carry out" a policy just as we do with decisions. Like a decision a policy is not itself a statement, nor is it only a set of actions, although, as with decisions, we can infer what a person's or organization's policy is either from the statement he makes about it, or, if he makes no statement or we don't believe his statement Urban Planning Policies 3 from the way he acts. But, equally, we can claim that a statement or set of actions is misleading and does not faithfully reflect the "true" policy." In this particular case, we establish that urban planning policy could be defined in a simpler way as a plan in key city in order to determine the course of action and decision to be made in order to address several concerns in urban planning policy. If we are to further plunge with the topic, one might say that urban planning policy is beneficial in different marketing areas on the basis that it would lessen if not totally curtail monopoly on several markets due to the fact t

Exam 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam 3 - Essay Example These persons wish to be alpha male and would value physical aggression and machismos. They would pose as the authority figures for the victims that they would meet in meeting places. They rarely have a specific target and do not intend to kill their victims, but often humiliate and traumatize them. On the other hand would be the power reassurance rapists who do not value physical aggression; are socially deficient; are averagely intelligent; and do not excel in developing romantic or interpersonal relationships. Termed as the least violent, these rapists, accounting for 27.5% of rape crimes, would select and stalk their victim before attacking them, thus are people known to the victims (Atkinson & Bailey, 2008). Other than power, anger shapes up anger retaliation rapists, often substance abusers, exuding anger related pathologies and impulsive behavior. Not being specific on any target, these rapists, accounting for about 28% of the rapes, would have animosity against the gender to be attacked (Gayle, 2009). Low on intelligence, anger retaliatory rapists are spontaneous and often brutal and even though they do not intend to kill, they could beat dead their victims. As such, they leave behind evidence. Finally, the most dangerous yet so elusive type of rapists referred to as anger excitation rapists account for about 4.5% of rape cases (Atkinson & Bailey, 2008). These, often sadistic rapists, could or could not select their victims, often murdering to avoid being identified by the victim or just for self-gratification. To rehabilitate these rapists, this paper borrows recommendations by Hedlund and GÃ ¶thberg (2005) to implement the best approach. Power assertive and power reassurance rapists seek to resolve their insufficiencies through rape; they commit the crime, not as a solution, but rather in search for a solution that

International Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Operations Management - Essay Example This will then go on to discuss the level of internationalization the company needs to engage in to develop the necessary level of relationship in the new international structure. In this, we will focus on how the level of relationship is affected as the internationalization of the organization broadens. The company selected for this report is Marks and Spencer. Nature of Marks and Spencer’s Business Marks and Spencer was established in UK in the year 1884 and since its inception, the company has been very successful in catering the local market. Now it is planning to expand its operations in a new market internationally. It will offer its textile products including men’s, women’s, and children wear, bedcovers, sheet sets, comforters and ready-made curtains and wall hangings. In the last couple of decades, its clothing line has seen exponential growth (Marks & Spencer 2012). Assumptions Marks and Spencer’s management feels that this clothing line can be pr omoted internationally, especially in the South Asian market. The company plans to target all age groups especially, new born babies and young kids within the age group of one to twelve years. The reason for selecting this as a target group is because the birth rate in South Asian markets is very high and the range of clothing has a high disposal rate, as they are targeted towards a growing age of children. Marks and Spencer plans to export its merchandise initially and assess the market demand for its clothing products. If the demand is positive, the company plans to build a manufacturing concern, as the setup and labour costs are very low. In addition, the company is already exporting raw cloth from South Asian markets, and by incorporating a factory internationally; they can exploit the availability of cheap raw materials. Furthermore, if the company is able to establish itself strongly within the international market, it gradually plans to introduce its other textile and bedding products in the foreign market, respectively. Internationalization Strategies Internationalization strategies require an organization to undertake observational, economic, learning and networking efforts to understand the foreign market. Once the companies learn a culture and the imperfections of the international market, it allows the company to provide products and services, which are expected to satiate the needs and requirement of the target group within the foreign market. In addition to international knowledge, it helps in assessing the capital and network resources within that market, so that it can use its finances efficiently to be thriving in that market (Bradley 2005). As the process of internationalization entails the company to be motivated to go beyond borders, which allows them to select a profitable market, and develops strategies to enter and sustain the competition in that foreign market. Marks and Spencer has successfully done all of it; with ample research, it h as collected various statistics that has inclined them to enter and compete within the South Asian market (Marks & Spencer 2012). Application of Learning Internationalization Strategies The essence of the entire internationalization process can be interpreted through the Learning Internationalization strategies. Any organization planning to expand globally will require its management to conduct various studies and researches to gain knowledge on different areas, for example, business culture and ethics,