International Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Operations Management - Essay Example This will then go on to discuss the level of internationalization the company needs to engage in to develop the necessary level of relationship in the new international structure. In this, we will focus on how the level of relationship is affected as the internationalization of the organization broadens. The company selected for this report is Marks and Spencer. Nature of Marks and Spencer’s Business Marks and Spencer was established in UK in the year 1884 and since its inception, the company has been very successful in catering the local market. Now it is planning to expand its operations in a new market internationally. It will offer its textile products including men’s, women’s, and children wear, bedcovers, sheet sets, comforters and ready-made curtains and wall hangings. In the last couple of decades, its clothing line has seen exponential growth (Marks & Spencer 2012). Assumptions Marks and Spencer’s management feels that this clothing line can be pr omoted internationally, especially in the South Asian market. The company plans to target all age groups especially, new born babies and young kids within the age group of one to twelve years. The reason for selecting this as a target group is because the birth rate in South Asian markets is very high and the range of clothing has a high disposal rate, as they are targeted towards a growing age of children. Marks and Spencer plans to export its merchandise initially and assess the market demand for its clothing products. If the demand is positive, the company plans to build a manufacturing concern, as the setup and labour costs are very low. In addition, the company is already exporting raw cloth from South Asian markets, and by incorporating a factory internationally; they can exploit the availability of cheap raw materials. Furthermore, if the company is able to establish itself strongly within the international market, it gradually plans to introduce its other textile and bedding products in the foreign market, respectively. Internationalization Strategies Internationalization strategies require an organization to undertake observational, economic, learning and networking efforts to understand the foreign market. Once the companies learn a culture and the imperfections of the international market, it allows the company to provide products and services, which are expected to satiate the needs and requirement of the target group within the foreign market. In addition to international knowledge, it helps in assessing the capital and network resources within that market, so that it can use its finances efficiently to be thriving in that market (Bradley 2005). As the process of internationalization entails the company to be motivated to go beyond borders, which allows them to select a profitable market, and develops strategies to enter and sustain the competition in that foreign market. Marks and Spencer has successfully done all of it; with ample research, it h as collected various statistics that has inclined them to enter and compete within the South Asian market (Marks & Spencer 2012). Application of Learning Internationalization Strategies The essence of the entire internationalization process can be interpreted through the Learning Internationalization strategies. Any organization planning to expand globally will require its management to conduct various studies and researches to gain knowledge on different areas, for example, business culture and ethics,

Transforming Nursing And Healthcare Essay Example for Free

Transforming Nursing And Healthcare Essay In today’s ever changing healthcare world, effective communication among healthcare team members is essential to provide safe and quality patient care. Conventional communication methods such as the telephone and the word of mouth are no longer the most effective ways of communicating important aspect of patient care. So health organizations are adopting communication systems which improve interaction among healthcare providers (McGonigle Mastrian, 2012). Recently my hospital adopted a new operating system called Care Logistics. Care logistics is a â€Å"†¦centralized care coordination model to efficiently anticipate, prioritize, coordinate, schedule, prepare for and track all patient movement, care, services and transport. This coordination of multiple people and departments establishes predictability and timeliness, improving throughput while best serving patients and caregivers.† (Care Logistics, n.d.). Order logistic is a section of care logistics that directly involves the nurses. Order logistics is a central order organizers, service departments and unit clinical care coordinators to manage simultaneous patient service demand across the hospital. The right patients receive tests and procedures in the order that best serves individual. After the nurse receives his/her assignment for the shift, she will log into care logistics to view the patient itinerary for the day. If a particular procedure such as transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is scheduled at 10 o’clock a.m. Order logistics will communicate with the nurse that the patient will need to be NPO for at least eight hours, have a consent for the procedure and have at least a 20 gauge peripheral IV. Order logistics clearly shows nurses, doctors and service areas what is needed in order to deliver appropriate services. The nurse will acknowledge the procedure. By doing this, the logistics hub knows the nurse is aware that this patient has a procedure pending. During this time, if all requirements are met to have procedure then the nurse will make this procedure green, indicating that transportation can come for this patient. But for instance if the nurse was having a hard time getting the consent because the patient has dementia and  the family is unobtainable, then the nurse can make a note indicating the reason why this patient is not ready. Benefits of Care Logistics With care logistics, nurses are able to let patients and families know their daily itinerary. This eliminates the uncertainty of the day and the constant inquiry from patients about when certain events will occur. Order logistics allow nurses to spend more time with patients instead of the repeated interruptions by phone pages from radiology and other various departments. Acknowledging the procedures and/or indicating that the patient is ready, the nurse does not have to worry about scheduling and can spend more of her time providing quality bedside care. With order logistics doctors have started receiving test results more quickly. This allows them to appropriately diagnose and treat patients. Care logistics move patients through the hospital faster, by reducing wasted time and average length of stay for patients. Care logistics enhances communication and workflow while keeping the care in the forefront. As with any new healthcare technology patient care is the focus. Barriers of Care Logistics As with any new technological tool, there will be barriers that arise. Compliance of staff members to care logistics has been a problem. Resistance has occurred because nurses look at this system as another task to be completed. In actuality it is not anther task, it is eliminating repeated telephone calls and the uncertainty of what the patient need. Most of the nurses that experience this are older nurses that view change as a difficult obstacle. This slows down the process. Before the hospital went live with care logistics, there was a brief class orientation to the system. For someone that does not have a problem with maneuvering themselves around computer systems, a brief class orientation is sufficient. However for the nurses that struggle with computerized charting should be given the opportunity for extending class time. During their sessions they would be given scenarios of multiple patient itineraries and be guided through the care logistic process. If this was done then the hospital would probably have better compliance with this new communicating system. References Care Logistics. (n.d.). Care Coordination Model. Retrieved from http://www.carelogistics.com/solution/care-coordination-model.aspx McGonigle, D., Mastrian, K.G. (2012). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

The Production Of Ammonium Nitrate

The Production Of Ammonium Nitrate Moreover, the emission of SO2, NH3 and NO in the atmosphere and particular matter of the secondary compound can form also ammonium nitrate. At room temperature and standard pressure, the ammonium nitrate looks like white crystalline solid. The three figures below show the structure formula, and ball-stick model of the crystal structure of ammonium nitrate. Ammonium-nitrate-xtal-3D-balls-A.png Marketing the ammonium nitrate as fertilizer became famous worldwide since 1920s. Than the market started to become low in 2001 and 2002 due to the security concern that followed in September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center which made it very difficult to produce, transport and handle ammonium nitrate. After that, because of the changes that accrued in agricultural subsidy policies, urea has become the most important compound. This is because urea has miner safety issues, higher nitrogen fertilizer content, and it is less expensive to manufacture. In 2004, the consumption of ammonium nitrate started to improve. The ammonium nitrate is concentrated so the amount of ammonium nitrate present is more than in a given quantity of solvent such as water, NH3 and HNO3. This process is done in an evaporator. The feed enter the evaporator tank which is supported with the re-boiler heat exchanger. The heat exchanger re-boiled the ammonium nitrate solution until the solvents such as H2O, NH3 and HNO3 evaporated leaving a more concentrated solution called melt ammonium nitrate. Usually the amount of melt ammonium nitrate melt resulting from the evaporator is 95% to 99.8%. In addition, the evaporated solvent will be recycled back to the CSTR. Additives such as magnesium oxide or magnesium nitrate which they are not widely used are sometimes added to the melt ammonium nitrate for many reasons. One of the reasons is to increase the crystalline transition temperature of the final ammonium nitrate solid product. Moreover, they are used to reduce the caking by removing the water or any other liquids, and to reduce the freezing point of molten ammonium nitrate to allow solidification to happen at a low temperature. The additive and the molten ammonium nitrate are mixed in a static mixer. The most common process to produce solid ammonium nitrate with the spherical shape is prilling process. A prill tower is used to produce the prills of solid ammonium nitrate. On the top of the prill tower, the concentrated melt of ammonium nitrate melt is sprayed, and on the bottom of the prill tower, an air is rising by a blower. The falling droplets of ammonium nitrate is cooled and solidified into a spherical prills when they are encounter to a rising air. Sometime the end products have low density prills due to the concentration of the molten ammonium nitrate. The low density prills have more porous than high density prills. Therefore, the prills will absorb moisture content more easily, and may cause lamps and product deterioration. Drying process by vaporization is required to remove water or any other liquid from the solid ammonium nitrate prills. In a static bed tower, the solid prills are placed there and from the bottom of the tower, a hot air is passed through the solid prills. The desired end product is spherical ammonium nitrate solid. However, the solid product may produce in variety of sizes. A screen process is needed to check consistently the sizes of the solid product to have only the required size. The off size prills are recycled back to the evaporation process. The right size prills send to a cooling process, where it cools down the end product for further operations. Coating process is needed to protect the product from agglomeration during storage and shipment. However, sometimes it is not needed. This is because the additives that were added before was melted before solidification. Therefore, there is no need to coat the products with clays or diatomaceous earth for product protection. Finally, the end products of ammonium nitrate solid prills are manufactured. Therefore, there are ready for storage or shipment by bulk or bags. 2. Production of granulated solid ammonium nitrate Processing granules solid ammonium nitrate is the same as the first production of prills of solid ammonium nitrate. However, this time instead of using prill tower, it uses rotary drum. This occurred by spraying concentrated ammonium nitrate in a rotating cylindrical drum onto small and fine particles of ammonium nitrate. As particular rotate in the rotary drum, layers of NH4NO3 are added to particles which form granules. The NH4NO3 solid will than goes to the scanner. The ammonium nitrate granules are cooled down to avoid lamps. The under-size granules are crushed and recycled back to the rotary drum as particles. On the other hand, the oversize granules are dissolved and recycled back to the solution process. 3. Ammonium nitrate solution process: Ammonia gas NH3 and nitric acid solution HNO3 is added to a neutralization reactor. This process is an exothermic neutralization reaction which produced ammonium nitrate solution with steam. Therefore, the reactor that used is jacket continues stirred tank reactor the resulting steam which is vapor water, ammonia, and nitric acid is send to the ammonium nitrate scrubber to remove it from the neutralization reactor. The steam can be purified or can be condensed than purified. In addition, the steam can be used in the evaporator to concentrate ammonium nitrate solution or a pre heater. . The resulting solution is send to random tank after the solution is cooled. Finally the product is shipped to other plants for further processing. The picture below shows the production of ammonium nitrate solution. Process selection: The most significant aim in producing ammonium nitrate is to enhance the properties of agriculture around the world as a fertilizer. It improves the growth of the plants, gives nutrition, and makes it healthy and free from diseases. It is cheap and available in agriculture stores. It can also be used in explosive, but it is very dangerous and risky. It affects the public safety in the country. Therefore, production of spherical solid ammonium nitrate process is the best selection than the others for many factors. Around 60% in the US and in other European countries companies produced solid ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 as a fertilizer. Moreover, granulation technique is old technique and it requires more complicated plants and a variety of equipments such as rotating drums, fluidized beds and more. Currently, there are no plants in Europe using this technique any more. Nowadays, most fertilizers companies use prill technique for the production of solid ammonium nitrate. Conclusion In brief, the production of ammonium nitrate was done by adding ammonia gas and nitric acid solution. The production of ammonium nitrate passed through three main unit operations, which they are neutralization, evaporation and solidification. The choice of the final product was influenced by the commercial matter. Chemical and physical properties ammonium nitrate shows how it can be used in industrial market. It can be used mostly in agriculture and as explosive agent. The aim of the process was to produce a spherical solid ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer to help improve the agriculture market. The prill tower was used instead of rotary drum to get the required end product. Some diagrams such as block flow diagram, process flow diagram and Aspen Hysys diagram was drown to shows the flow of the ammonium nitrate production.

Disintegration of Dick Diver in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays :: Tender is the Night Essays

The Disintegration of Dick Diver in Tender is the Night The exact nature of Dick Diver¹s descent throughout the course of Tender is the Night is difficult to discern. It is clear enough that his disintegration is occasioned by Nicole¹s burgeoning independence, but why or how her transformation affects him this way is less than obvious. Moreover, it is not at all apparent what is at stake, more abstractly, in this reciprocal exchange of fates. In this paper, I will propose a reading of this change that relates Nicole¹s strength to her naturalness, her identification with instinct and natural impulse, and Dick¹s strength to his civilization, his identification with the curtailment of natural impulse through psychiatry and prewar American civilization. The relationship between Nicole and Dick is such that what happens to the one must happen to the other. Both Nicole and Dick turn by the novel¹s end to impulse and instinct, but while Nicole does this by gaining an independent self-consciousness, Dick achieves this onl y through drinking. Throughout the novel Nicole is identified with the childish and animalistic wildness of instinct. This is most obvious in the uninhibited expression of emotion which characterizes her episodes of madness. We see, for instance, her frenzied laughter as she rides the Ferris wheel and causes her car to crash. As the car finally comes to a halt, "she, [Nicole], was laughing hilariously, unashamed, unafraid, unconcernedŠ.She laughed as after some mild escape of childhood" (192). And as a patient at the clinic, after having her affection for Dick rebuffed, we are told, "Nicole¹s world had fallen to pieces, but it was only a flimsy and scarcely created world; beneath it her emotions and instincts fought on" (143). As the story progresses, though, the expression of these impulses become less openly dangerous and abnormal and more linked to her growing sense of self. One more restrained way in which Nicole is identified with impulse is her use of money. Money in the story is a sort of materialized passion, the tangible expression of an appetite to possess and control. Money becomes more and more plentiful as the story moves on, such that by the beginning of book three, after Dick gives up his stake in the clinic, "the mere spending of it, [money], the care of goods, was an absorption in itself. The style in which they traveled was fabulous" (257).

Literary analysis of ‘The Going’ by Thomas Hardy Essay

‘The Going’ is a poem mourning the death and loss of Hardy’s wife Emma. The themes of anguish, love and regret are echoes throughout the poem however it is unusual and interesting to note that it seems that Hardy is blaming Emma for leaving him and over-romanticizing the time they spent together. The title ‘The Going’ gives the air that Emma’s death was a grand sort of departure. A reader with no knowledge of Hardy’s life would perhaps feel that Hardy loved and took much care of his wife throughout his life and her departure was ‘grand’ in that way, however this is not the case. The circumstances Emma died in illustrated a harsh husband who did not come to his wife’s deathbed when the maid told him Emma was very ill – Hardy’s grievous poem makes the circumstances are very ironic. In the second stanza, Hardy also refers to Emma’s death as the ‘great going’, which is once again giving the idea that Emma’s death was grand; like a Queen leaving. It is possible that by glorifying and exalting Emma’s death, Hardy is trying to console himself about the circumstances she died in – by writing over the situation he may be trying to change the story of what happened for the reader in order to make it seem as though he is not the one to blame. Building on the idea that Hardy wants to shift the blame from himself, Hardy throughout the poem asks questions as statements rather than as real questions. For example, he says ‘ Why do you make me leave the house / And think for a breath it is you I see†¦! ‘ – Hardy has not ended his sentence with a question mark but rather he has ended with an exclamation mark, suggesting he in reality does not want to ask Emma these questions, instead he wants to tell her how he wants the story to be. By using ‘you’ in all his questions, the air that Hardy is the victim in this situation rather than Emma. This amplifies upon the idea mentioned above that Hardy may be wanting to write over the situation in order to make it seem that he is not the one to blame. A sense of arrogance and self-righteousness is eluded from his desire to shift the blame away from him – this may make the speaker seem unlikeable. There is a sensual tone in the poem which works to romanticize the mood of the poem and suggest the happy past the couple had in the beginning of their relationship and the happy life they could have had but didn’t. Hardy asks Emma why she did not ‘lip me the softest call’ – this is a reference to physical intimacy and could be a kiss or to whispering ‘sweet-nothings’. From that suggestion, it would seem like Hardy was always expectant for such intimacy however this was not the case as the couple were not physically intimate for most of their relationship. There are echoes of their courting days in their youth in the fourth stanza where Hardy describes a younger Emma in flattering and loving terms as the ‘swan-necked one’ who would ‘muse and eye (him)’. The idea of Emma ‘eyeing’ Hardy suggests a shy and playful Emma sneaking glances at Hardy which evokes empathy in the readers heart for not only Emma but the combined couple of Emma and Hardy during their courtship. This only adds to the sorrowful feeling of Emma’s death – but now by relating their courting days Hardy has not only told the reader of his grief but he has also spread this grief to the reader. Alliteration also adds to the playful feel to the poem, building on the point above. The day is described as ‘darkening dankness’ and the alleys as ‘bending boughs’ – this brings the settings to life and illustrates how rich their relationship could have been, thus amplifying the emotion of regret over Emma’s ‘going’. The alliteration could also suggest that Hardy is attempting to over-romanticize the situation to such an extent that he is trying to convince himself that their relationship was happy. Another interpretation could that whilst this poem is a sad love poem, Hardy’s use of playful alliteration may be demonstrating that Hardy may not be as sad as he is making out to be throughout the poem because if indeed he was terrible grief-stricken by her loss, he would not have had enough composure to compose the poem with such literary devices which make the poem sound more flowing. Using a device such as alliteration is deliberate and therefore Hardy’s use of alliteration shows he had enough capability to make use of this technique. The final stanza in the poem has great significance to the poem and its meaning. Hardy uses short sentences and caesuras to demonstrate how harshly Emma’s death came about and how harshly their relationship ended. ‘Well, well! All’s past amend/Unchangeable. It must go. ‘ shows how he seems reluctant to accept that Emma is now dead as the short sentences make it sound as though he is slowly trying to make himself accept this fact. Sharp caesuras in this stanza also make it feel as though trying to convince himself Emma is gone is very painful. To conclude, Hardy uses literary devices such as alliteration and sensual imagery to give a sensual feel to this poem, however the underlying tone and meaning of this poem is a sad and greivious one as highlighted by Hardy’s use of blame and structure. Short sentences and an inconsistent ryhming scheme demonstrate this sad mood.

I’m the King of the Castle Essay

(i) With close reference to the passage, give evidence to show how Hooper knew that locking Kingshaw in the Red Room would scare him. From the beginning of this chapter three, we have already been exposed to the fears of the despondent young boy – Kingshaw. In this passage, Hooper welcomed the supposed to be honoured Kingshaw into the Red Room. When the door was opened wide for Kingshaw, he stepped a little into the room and then he stopped. While Hooper was standing â€Å"beside the doors, the keys in his hand†. With a tuck from Hooper’s challenge to go on into the room and look around, â€Å"Kingshaw stiffened and moved slowly towards the first of the glass cases† and then â€Å"drew in his breath sharply†. Hooper was watching him intently waiting for the next chance to attack his prey. Kingshaw also gave his fear away when he stuttered upon asking, â€Å"who†¦where did they come from?† while trying to act interested about the dead moths in that dark and dreary room. The despot’s wit took him nearer to his opportunity. He offered the small key to â€Å"open one of the cases† so that Kingshaw could touch them but Kingshaw was very overwhelmed by his fear that he replied Hooper with a straight â€Å"No.† four times. That only led himself deeper into the tyrant’s trap. Not only did Kingshaw’s answers betrayed himself, he also started â€Å"moving backwards† and â€Å"only wanted to get out of the room†. This incident in the room only brought Hooper to confirm his suspicion of Kingshaw having a fear for dead things. Hooper was first given an impression with his first attempt of scaring Kingshaw upon his first meeting with him. The young tyrant lied to the vulnerable Kingshaw about his grandfather dying in the room and on the bed that Kingshaw was about to use. At that time, the young boy was oblivious towards Hooper’s tormenting words. Yet, his reaction said a lot about his inner being. Kingshaw upon knowing of the past of his new bedroom only â€Å"went to the suitcase and squatted down†. It was very obvious to Hooper that he was trying to act as if the fact that someone died in his room did not scare him at all. At ten years old, any young boy would have protested for another room and demand a confirmation from an adult but Kingshaw just kept mum. Hooper put Kingshaw to another test of a dead creature again after watching the boy being attacked by the life crow. He confronted Kingshaw about his fear – â€Å"You were scared. You were running away.† The helpless Kingshaw then got reminded of his encounter with the scarlet red mouth of the carrion crow and was very agitated when he asked Hooper to â€Å"Shut up, shut up†. Kingshaw obviously didn’t want to recall that terrifying incident again. However, the scheming Hooper placed a stuffed crow on Kingshaw’s bed at night. As Kingshaw was already very afraid of his room, as he believed Hooper’s lie that his grandfather died in his bed, Hooper wanted to use the stuffed crow to make the terror of the attack of that crow return. Also, considering Hooper’s devious mind, I believe he also placed the stuffed crow on Kingshaw’s bed in the night also to create an impression on him that it could be Hooper’s dead grandfather. When Kingshaw saw the stuffed crow on his bed the next morning, he knew for sure that Hooper was behind it. He also developed a fear towards Hooper from this as he realized that that tyrant was capable of anything to scare him even more. Yet, Kingshaw was so afraid to put himself to shame if he ever did cry out for help as he remembered his father was laughing at him about his childhood fear of drowning. Kingshaw also knew that Hooper was waiting for him to scream and yell thus he decided to consume his fear so that he could get the overhand over this psychological battle against Hooper. Hence, we can see very clearly that Hooper did very careful planning and made specific interpretations about Kingshaw’s fear of dead things and yearns for the stronghold against Kingshaw and his emotions. Thus upon confirming Kingshaw’s fear, Hooper moves on to locking him in the Red Room with the dead moths and other stuffed animals with very dark surroundings enhanced by the rain and grey skies outside that creates a threatening mood in Kingshaw. (ii) Describe one other incident where Hooper preys on Kingshaw’s fears and discuss the effect of that incident on Kingshaw. Write with reference till where we stopped – Chapter 6. One other incident apart from that of locking Kingshaw in the Red Room on that rainy night, I believe very strongly that the stuffed crow created a very deep threat in Kingshaw’s life in Warings and he was bent on running away from his greatest fear right now – Edmund Hooper. Kingshaw was exceptionally traumatized from his attack of the living crow. It was like Hooper – aggressive, territorial and left no space for him to escape. The crow caused him â€Å"to scream in a queer, gasping sort of way† which shows us how terrified of the crow Kingshaw was. The crow seemed to have a craving to hurt him and Kingshaw was left totally helpless and almost unable to make a sound because of his terror and shock. The vicious attack of that crow showed how trapped and isolated Kingshaw was in Warings. Hence when Hooper exploits Kingshaw’s fear of the crow and dead things, Kingshaw started to have a fear for Hooper grow in him. Especially when he realizes that Hooper used the stuffed crow to terrorise him and also to hint to him about himself being kept under close observation and can be defeated anytime by a click of Hooper’s fingers. Although the living crow attacked Kingshaw physically, he knew very clearly that the stuffed crow was to attack him psychologically and that Hooper has had seen through his brave front. Kingshaw tried very hard to battle the fear inside him so that Hooper would not win him. However, after being locked inside the Red Room with all the dead animals, Kingshaw yearns for somewhere he can hide away from Hooper’s supervision. He hates Hooper now. Kingshaw did find a room of his own, his personal space in Warings somewhere that Hooper does not hold control of. It was a small room that â€Å"seemed never to have had any particular function of its own†. Although the room was small, Kingshaw was not afraid of it. The author was trying to tell us that the claustrophia was towards being locked up and not of minimal spaces. Kingshaw was actually fine with the idea about locking himself in that room full of antique dolls as a way of â€Å"defending himself† against Hooper. He only panics when somebody else locks him in a room, against his own will. His secret room was a very little room compared to Hooper’s confident Red Room. This tells a lot of Kingshaw’s insecurity and his sensitive and gentle character as the room was filled with a collection of female dolls. However, Kingshaw’s temporary sanctuary was not occupied for long, Hooper found his hiding place. His freedom was short-lived.

The Qualitative and Quantitative Research Strategies Drug Addiction

The Qualitative and Quantitative Research Strategies Drug Addiction There are lots of different ways to conduct proper social science research, and there are several crucial steps, which cannot be ignored and have to be taken anyway. These steps are the following: picking out a proper research topic, evaluation of possible research strategies, and making clear and strong conclusions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Qualitative and Quantitative Research Strategies: Drug Addiction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, quantitative and qualitative research strategies will be used in order to investigate the topic where the issues of drug addiction are concerned. Both qualitative and quantitative research strategies are considered to be crucial for the research topic, however, each of them has its own peculiarities, pros, and cons. This is why another purpose of this paper is to evaluate what kind of research strategy is more effective and better in regards to the topic of drug addiction. With the help of real life examples, evaluation of statistical data, and taking into consideration past researches concerning rug addiction, it is possible to provide the analysis of the effectiveness of qualitative and quantitative strategies. During rather a long period of time, the theme of drug addiction has been discussed from different perspectives: drugs distribution, the differences of age between drugs’ users, possible treatment and prevention of drug addiction, etc. All these issues are under hot consideration even now, this is why proper choice of a research strategy may considerably influence further discussions of the topic and its influence on the reader. However, before start conducting research, it is crucially important to find out the differences between such issues like a perspective, a research strategy, and a research method. Each of the above-mentioned points has a concrete connection to the field of investigation, this is why it is bette r to have a clear idea of what each of them means in order not to make a mistake hereinafter. A perspective is one of the possible ways to regard and evaluate a topic under consideration, and be able to classify the content of the topic of into proper sense groups. The point is that perspectives may be quite large, this is why it is possible to create several subgroups and explain why this or that group of issues can be united. However, some people still think that a perspective and a category is one and the same thing but with different titles. In comparison to categories, which can be chosen as one category to an item, there can be several perspectives for one and the same issue. This is why, in any research, it is better to concentrate more on perspectives than on categories.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A research method is one more compound of a good investigat ion and analysis of the issue. The essence of any research method is closely connected to the purpose of any research: to present new knowledge, to explain new material, and to prove that the idea under consideration makes sense of further investigation. There are lots of different types of research methods, and each of them has its own peculiarity that can be properly used to analyze the chosen issue. Descriptive research, action research, historical research, or library research – the list of such research methods can be continued. It is necessary that properly chosen research methods and perspectives will be the significant parts of a successful research strategy. A research strategy is considered to be a plan of steps and actions that aim at improving the work, and provide a researcher with a chance to achieve real success. Usually, a research strategy has several obligatory steps: choosing a topic, deciding on the writing style, and gathering information. There are two p ossible types of a research strategy: one of them is qualitative research, and the other is quantitative research. As it can be guessed, qualitative research is all about words, evidences, and analysis. The major features of this research strategy are inductivism, constructivism, and interpretivism (Bryman, 2008). Another type of research strategy is quantitative research. According to Bryman (2008), this strategy has deductive and objective features, and may cooperate with other natural science models, which are inherent to research processes. So, without a proper research strategy, it is impossible to present a proper investigation and prove the validity of research. Research can be either qualitative or quantitative, or both qualitative and quantitative. And the effectiveness of these two research strategies is under consideration till now. The difference between a perspective, a research strategy, and a research method is quite obvious: perspectives and methods are the major con stituents of one research strategy. This is why it is necessary to choose appropriate methods and analyze the issue from appropriate perspectives in order to present a really good research strategy. The research strategies, in their turn, which are chosen to investigate the topic, can be of two types: qualitative and quantitative, and right now we will evaluate the effectiveness of one of them, discussing the problem that bothers lots of people nowadays, the problem of drug addiction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Qualitative and Quantitative Research Strategies: Drug Addiction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Without any doubts, people cannot just stop making mistakes, this is why human mistakes are always under deep researches and discussions. Drug addiction is one of the mistakes, which lots of people can make and cannot be able to solve it. This is why to conduct good research and evaluate how terrible thi s problem can be – this is one of the possible steps to start with. â€Å"Drug addicts in prison, women and drug addiction, drugs and driving, etc† (Council of Europe, 2005, 11) – such a frequent spread of drugs should promote a huge interest to investigate the problem of drug addiction once again and choose the best research strategy. To investigate the problem of drug addiction, qualitative and quantitative research strategies will be used. With the help of quantitative methods, like numerous surveys, interviews, enumeration of cases of drug addiction, and possible estimation, it is possible to achieve such results: (1) to limit extent of drug use within population, (2) to point out the number of drug-related diseases, (3) to mention the demand of treatment, and, finally (4) to clear up prevalence of drug use. The idea of a qualitative research strategy is almost about the same methods, but several more steps, like observation and grouping, should be added to them. Due to such adding, the qualitative research strategy allows (1) to analyze the reasons of drug use, (2) to describe risk behaviour, (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of policy responses, and (4) to inform and supplement quantitative research method. According to such definitions of the aims of qualitative and quantitative research strategies, it is possible to admit that the ideas of qualitative research are better for those, who are eager to comprehend and respond to drug use, and the ideas of quantitative research provide only with certain numbers and statistics, without clear explanation. So, the first difference between how qualitative and quantitative research strategies may undertake research on the topic of drug addiction is about the explanation of drug addiction, its reasons, and outcomes. Quantitative research will be more effective in this case. Another difference between these two research strategies is connected to the questions, which can be given at the end of the investigation. Such questions like â€Å"What?† and â€Å"Why?† will be answered during the qualitative method, and the questions like â€Å"How many?†, â€Å"When?†, â€Å"How often?†, and â€Å"Where?† – are inherent to the quantitative method. Taking into consideration such difference, quantitative research strategy will be better for the discussion of the chosen topic. Finally, let us evaluate the outcomes of the two research strategies; this very evaluation will help to clear up what kind of research strategy will be better in drug addiction research.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Qualitative information is considered to be time consuming and really educative for people of any age and gender. Quantitative data is regarded as more effective and permitting to compare and contrast. However, the latter can miss lots of contextual details, which may considerably influence the outcomes of the investigation. This is why researchers should focus on qualitative research strategy more and be able to formulate both qualitative and quantitative information on the grounds on this very strategy. Drug problems appear due to many different factors: â€Å"overwhelming power of the drugs themselves†¦ consequences of faulty genes†¦ medical disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Levinson, 2002, 96) In order to achieve really worthwhile results and get a clear picture of why drug addiction takes place nowadays and how it is possible to prevent its spreading, attention to quality and reliable information should be paid more. Lots of people do not want to concentrate their attention on numbers only. They can be surprised and amazed of how many people are already drug addicted, however, they do not comprehend what can make so many people to use or contribute drugs. So, qualitative research will be more effective and provide readers with a chance to evaluate the situation, underline positive and negative aspects of the current problem, and make use of the received information. It is also necessary to admit that lots of qualitative researches require further investigation, and people should compare past data with present data in order to influence the results in future. To my mind, to investigate the research topic where drug addiction is concerned, a qualitative research strategy will be better in comparison to a quantitative one. Such choice is determined by several factors: (1) drug addiction should be investigated on a psychological level, this is why numbers are not always effective in this case; (2) the reasons of drug addiction and its outcomes may be better e xplained by means of qualitative information, not quantitative; (3) qualitative research strategy provide with a chance to understand the problem from different perspectives, and the same action is impossible with a quantitative research strategy. The topic of drug addiction requires context-bound investigation, the analysis of case studies, and the ability to comprehend the reasons. All these issues may be explained by means of a qualitative research strategy, this is why in this case such strategy is considered to be a better one for discussion drug addiction issue. Reference List Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods. New York: Oxford University Press. Council of Europe. (2005). Drug Addiction, Part 78. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Levinson, M. H. (2002). The Drug Problem: A New View Using the General Semantics Approach. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.